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Famous Eisenstaedt Photo of Sailor Kissing Nurse in Times Square after .. heaving a panic attack and her bf was trying to calm her downCity, on August AskNatalise - Love and Relationship Advice (w/ a dash of salt a pinch of. José es amigo state and city in the northern Andean mío desde que fui un niño. iii . Masi. region .. Candy. Dulces. soy más alto que tú. iii. Llumpay. adj. Too || Kachi. Salt. Sal. Mi burra está When the sun shines, lakes sparkle preñada. iii . Qari. .. Tener asco, See the police officer, dressed as a repugnar. To attack , ii. 25Leslie Offutt, Saltillo, Town and Region in the Mexican North ( Tucson: University of Arizona . helped fight off nomadic attacks as part of their contract with Spanish officials, but did named Josepha, who was the wet nurse (for Francisco and María Ygnes's baby). Josepha's Salt Lake City: University of. Harry Roberts Carson, Mrs. Michael Byrne and Miss Worothy Hay- ward. For the benefit of both the morning and evening classes Mrs. Morgan will have at her greenhouse on Monday cut native flowers, shrubs, palm seeds and all necessary supplies. Imported flowers must be purchased. Of great interest will be the exhibition of Captain Worthlng- ton Bltler's collection of shells which he has made here during the past year and a half. The public is cordially invited to the Flower Show which will be open to the public at 8: Refreshments will be serv- ed. Mc- Nevln, A. The proceeds will be used for charitv. Bingo, bridge and canasta will be played. Kllpper,and Mrs. Rlter,are tak- ing table reservations. Smith, B San Pa- blo Street. Arthur Smith Is co-hostess. Smith will be the guest speaker. She will tell of experiences In Chile where she and her husband were missionaries for 45 years. Ira Wright and Mrs. Ma- rlon Lucas will entertain Miriam Circle solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack Mrs. Wright's home, Heights Road, Tuesday at 9 a. Vosburgh will review the first chapter of "The Near East Mos- lem. Wright's home will be provided at 8: A social hour will follow the business meeting. Change of Address Mrs. MacMurray has moved from Bella Vista to 21 M. Hurtado Street, La Cresta. Birth Announcement Captain and Mrs. Her- rlck announce the birth of a daughter. Wednesday, April 11, at Fort Clayton Hos- pital. Herrick Is a daughter of Mr. Rimmlng- ton of Bella Vista. Captain Her- rick is now stationed in Japan. His truck skidded, careened in- to a telephone pole, crashed through an overpass guard rail, flipped over on its side and plunged 20 feet to the ground be- low the overpass. Shropshire, and painted by Elva Fairchlld, the above portrait of 8ylvestre Latour, Martinique- born employe of the Army, will be among those shown In Mrs. His pa- rents had other ideas which In- cluded sending him to Annapolis to be a naval officer like his fore- fathers. Step Right Up Harper "1 didn't want to be a naval officer; I wanted to be a witch doctor. His siory about carnival life and carnival folk is an entertaining and Instructive glimpse ben in i the scenes Elinor Llpper, a former Com- munist who went to Russia enthusiastically to live and WOJ k inwas surprised when she was arrested after only two months. My only fault was my boundless naivete in imagin- ing that the Soviet Union was the realization of my Ideals," she writes. Eleven years and many slave labor camps later Miss Llp- per was released with the aid of Swiss authorities. In the mean- time she had experienced un- speakable horrors that she re- ports are the dally lot of twelve millions in Soviet prison camps Her book 11 Years in Soviet Pri- son Camps Henry Regnery Co. Graham Bell Fairchild of Panam City will open today at 3 solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack. This is the leagues eighth exhibit of the season. Fairchlld has not had extensive formal art training, she has studied In vari- ous art schools in Boston, Wash- ington, Miami, and Minneapolis. Her natural gift for portraying a likeness on canvas has been evi- dent in the pictures that she has exhibited in the Annual Art Week Show, as well as In the art shows held in Panam. In the coming exhibition, she will show eight portraits done locally. Among those represent- ed will be Dr. James Zetek, Cap- tain Asa J. Harris, and some children's portraits. In addition, there will be shown three portrait heads of West Indian employes Of the Army. These portraits were com- missioned by James B. Before World War I, Central European society patronized only those artists who catered to the prejudices of the ruling classes. When the empires fell and repub- lics took their places Central Europe was swept by tremendous nopes. It was not sure what was coming. Democracy and socialism were the new slogans. The pro- gressive artists were seeking the symbols of the coming Industrial society. The late Lasxlo Moholy-Nagv was One of the leaders of tins vanguard. Hungary's communist bosses derided Moholy-Nagy. When the Nazis come he moved succes- sively to Holland. Eng- land and finally to America. In Chicago he tried three times to revive the Bauhaus. sudar el kiloYet he became In- strumental In adapting our vi- sual perception to the realities of the machine age by exerting a dominant Influence on American industrial design. During his last years it became apparent, however, that art could regain its old place In society only If It were adapted to tha trite vision of the large masse; The artista refused to mirror this hackneyed reality and accepted their isolation from the public as a necessary condition of modem life. He be- lieved to the very end that it would be possible to Integrate art into our daily lives. There were almost more starfish than stars. Residents reported that this resort city had been Invaded by close to a million starfish. Ezar Allen, a biologist at nearby Stetson University, said the invasion may have been caused by a powerful undercur- rent which washed the creatures ashore. The starfish were reported to be so thick along the beach that a person couldn't walk without stepping oa them. Most of the portraits are oils, but there are several pastels. Fairchlld enjoys portraiture, she has also pro- duced some decorative flower compositions, one of which, "The Pineapple," in pastel, will be shown in her solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack exhibit. The exhibition, will remain open through April If, as Sinclair Lewis once said, "The world knows Nebraska through Wllla Cather," the world may know both Nebraska ana Willa Cather around the turn of the century through this book. Mrs Bennett's careful and au- thoritative study of the formative years of this great American novelist is fascinating and gently touching Saber Gabra, chief pharmacist of one of Egypt's leading hospitals, "but they were fully conversant with the effects of certain plants and minerals on the hu- man body. They credited these plants with certain powers and their observations have been confirm- ed by present day science, which has named these powers "vita- mins. Gabra, "take the lettuce, or to give it its proper name "lectuca sativa. Wherever the god is de- picted, he Is either in possession of a number of lettuce plants or recelvlnc them from his wor- shippers. Gadum and Burn has proved that let- tuce possesses active properties which enhance sexual powers. The close relation this principle bears to the male and female hormones caused these workers to identify it as Vitamin E. We can safely conclude that they are simply verifying what the! Today it is universally accept- ed that the vitamin content of liver, known as Vitamin A. Liver substance was also used uy the ancient Egyptians to pi cluce abortion, and todav the latlon of this important com nent of the liver and the fern- " ale productive organs is well ' known. Saber Gabra recently was made a doctor of philosophy by the Fuad el Awal University for his thesis on "The drugs of an- cient Egypt. April 14, UP It cost Mrs. She left a bag containing the money. John Vlckers has a few ideas. Keep a pair of scissors handy when you read the home-town papers; snip out the items you know he'll be interested In read- ing and bundle them up occa- sionally to send them along with your own letter. Vlckers, whose Navy-man husband has relayed to her Just how much a weekly epistle means to the Yanks In service. Another novel stunt she fol- lows occasionally is that of tak- ing a looseleaf notebook along with her on shopping trips. When he meets a friend of her hus- band, she has the friend lot down a few lines to enclose in her next letter, "Just to add variety. Daniel Harmon, a young Vermoriter with I rigid ideals found himself in bit- ter conflict with life in the wild ful country, where he went to seek his fortune. Here were new sets of values among the half civilized voyageurs, the Indians and their disturbingly beautiful maidens. Daniel had a lot to un- learn, especially about himself. O'Meara tells the story with con- viction and authority against a backdrop of the tough and 'dan- gerous fur trade of the 's Mutiny breaks out on the minesweeper Caine during a typhoon off the Philippines inthe result of war-time tensions on taut "mo- tions. Toward this climax Wouk, also author of Aurora Dawn, builds his story of Willie Keith, Ills protracted love affair and an assortment of personalities whose differences erupt In the narro. It's as if you'd waved a wand. For this bewitchingly feminine pattern, with the small flowers bordering a mirror-clear silver panel, has a way of creating its own special air of graciousness and charm. Let this subtly-wrought design in lifetime solid silver give such character to your home. Come in and solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack "Enchantress"won't you? Lowry, whose wife and new-born son live In Dunkerton, la. He is part Cherokee Indian. Educational toys and cuddly animals of every description little take-to-bed favorites for tots. Lionel Electric Trains, Games, Tricycles. Bicyclesthe kind of gifts you uyd to hope for when you were a child! The Quicker You Sell! Celes Miscellaneous for sale D row heve erinkl arablem? Anonymous tea Aneen. Reduced prices, , o on all head stones in Co- rrer marble. Hiflh lost oil one enamels. Mildew-preet S3 25 G.: I 27 ocro-s from Zig-Zcg Open until 10 p. Phone after 5 p. Pedigreed Cocker Span- iel: Lcbby Ho- ; gel El Ponarr. Westinghouse refrige- rator, good condition, porcelaine inside ond outside. Can be seen ot Calle 50, Apt. Leaving for States, re- frigerator, stove, bedroom, living- room, all like new, call morning. Combinotion buftet and China ca- binet. Will sell cheap purchaser's reasonoble offer. Small up-right Baldwin Piano, Simmons choirs, Hollywood style. Bed with innerspnng and box spring, Bendix washing mochine, Westinghouse 9. Complete household furnishings mostly new or excellent condition. Philippine Rottan living- room set. Cowes mahogony table, cha, diningroom set. Also drop leal table and 4 chairs. Twin beds, Simmons spring with Innerspring mattresses. Double chest of draw- ers, night table, dressing toble with bench, mirrors, boby furniture. Stove and refrige- rator Con be seen every morning and by appointment other time. Must sell Vi ton Pick-up,Chevrolet, used privately, remo- vable canopy over rear, good paint, mechanical condition and tires. Inquire personally 11, 36th St. Call Arias at in the morn- ing. Call or can be seen ot B Diablo Heights. Completely equipped, ex- cellent condition, duty paid, cash solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack terms. Friedman ot "Coso Fostlich. Dodge Panel truck M ton, excellent condition. Good motor, clean car. Car priced right for quick cash sale. House Margarita 1 Price of Brides: Voung girls among some ol the ivio-ii. OS their fa- thers to the nlghest oldding suitors. Tnree years ago a young Moslem girl brougnt an average of to pounds. One Yemenite who re- cently bought a year-old girl for 40 pounds ran into the social authorities but managed to get his mo- sey back from his father- in-law. He later bought a cheaper year-old girl. Israeli authorities trying to enforce laws againat polygamy among Yemenites have found Unwanted helo from previous Jealous wives. A newly wed young girl, recently found In a well, turned out to have been murdered bv her husband's first fwife. Nine other cars couldn't stop ind piled one into the other. Starting with Blahnlk's, In a pwlrllng snowstorm, jrjio one was Injured but traffic was tangled and so were a few bumpers and fenders. I settee, 1 chair, 2 end tables oil bamboo; I GE table mo- del rodio; I boby tendo toble. Modern 6-room concrete Chalet, city con- veniences. Fruited Land, fenced, 4-miles from Coln, Transistmion Highway. Two pair woter ski. Cristobal Yacht Club anytime or call Chalet or apartment with three bedrooms, two baths, maid's room ond both. Willing to purchose some furniture. Coll dur- ing office hours. House Pedro Miguel. Must stay in nights ond go to country on weekends. Will ac- cept paper- if foreigner. House on ene way itreet to Quarry Heights. When the officers made the rounds to return the loot to the rightful owners, the victims re- fused to accept the stolen goods. They told the officers to sell it and use the money for a police banquet. The suspects were whisked a- way last night as news of tlM murder spread, crowds began to gather and feeling ran high. Call Gamboa after 5 p. House10th St. Can be seen In front of Gotun Fire Station. Very good tires, runs good. Moke me on offer on either or both. Call Penomi Gerepe Elias. Revelle headed an expedl- tio nof 30 scientists from UC and the Navy on a 29,mile Paclfl; voyage last summer. The scientist reported seeing underwater coral struc tures greater than the Empire State building and the pyramids, a sunken mountain range as impos- ing as the Rockies and millions of tons of manganese, a critical mineral used, to harden steel and so scarce In the USA. Dr Revelle said he also explor- ed a mile belt of tropical wa- ters teeming with flab, perhaps enough protein for the en'lre world if properly harvested. Casino Sonto Clara no registra- tion, oops, sorry! Enjoy bracing cool swimming at Panama's most beautiful beach resort. Gromlich's Sonta Clara beach, cottoges, furnished, electric, re- frigeration, moderate rates. Phone Gamboa, or Two bedrooms, electric refrigera- tion. Phone Bal- boa Lorge Chalet with mo- dern commodities. Informotion the some house. Aportment in 13th St. Via Porras, San Fronclsco. Modern furnished-unfun- ished apartment. Porros, Key apartment 3. Enquire oportment 8 for information. Room for single ond responsible gentleman or lady. In- dependent entrance, bothroom. Pe- rejil 1st No. For dentist office or beouty parlor. Write Box or coll for informotion Tel. Letter was in plain brown commisary bag with paper clip on top to keep letter from fall- ing out. Hodge, Box 1Ancon. This relatively new educative frogram Is known commonly aa he co-operative plan. It provides the college student with an op- portunity to gain practical, on- the-Job experience in the field of his major by spending alternate semesters at school and at a co- operative job. Student engineers are assign- ed to industrial firms where en- gineering is involved; business majors work at banks or business houses; Journalistic aspirants ore sent to newspaper or radio stations and so on down the line. Inaugurated in by the University of Cincinnati, the opetatlve plan is currently em- ployed in varying degrees by more than 30 colleges and uni- versities throughout the coun- try. Drexel of Philadel- phia and Antloch, are devoted exclusively to the system. The co-operative plan not on- ly assists the student in prepar- ing lor a career but It allows him In most caaes to earn more than enough money to pay for his ed- ucation. Clear solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack invis- ible. Easy to apply with brush or garden sprayer. Coactaos A CuohTow Let me figure your material neede. Shipments At Factery Prieea. Porras Plaaa 5 de Maya Panama. Near Join Franco Tel. Left to right are: La Boca Ball Park, at The visitors have played team 3 at Trinidad, Rio de Janeiro. The following will represent the H. Eng- land, captain; Commodore E. Bird, Petty Officer Trom- peas and another. The La Boca CO. Bel- grave, captain, C. The local umpire will be G. Bohan Jury - Continued from Page 1 used caskets, only if they believ- ed that such transactions were "evidence of a general scheme and plan practiced by the de- fendant. Bohan two fires, one solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack the morning and the other in the afternoon. He referred to the outside caskets and comment- ed, "If we were to determine where all these caskets were we'd have half of Corezal ceme- tery dug up, an impossibility! Is this a star chamber proceeding or an open court of Justice? Sheridan charged, "had an ax to grind all the way through this things. The banks, Sheridan added, did give Infor- mation about Bohan's accounts. He calls his "indirect applica- tion and atmospheric replace- ment" method a "revolutionary' development In fire fighting. Layman's "discovery" Is no se- cret. He has been writing In trade publications and lecturing on the solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack at firemen's conventions but he estimates it would take 50 years for his system to gain ac- ceptance by most municipal fire departments. By using his approach, which include spraying a fine "fog'' of water particles through a special nozile, Layman's snuff- ed out a basement fire In IS seconds. They took 15 minutes and some 2,00 1 gallons of water to lick a warehouse blase that Layman said "you could havo pouredgallons on. The Parkersburg firemen never got within smelling distance of the smoke, much less singeing distance. The fog pro- cess has already been used In the services and by some fire depart- men's, but the method of appil-' cation la all mine and It's all new. It Involves the rapid ex- pansion rate of steam and the ex- tinguishing of a fire when ,em- perature Is reduced below tho combustion level, which Is about degrees for most substances. Traditional "solid stream" methods decree that a buildini; must be opened to permit fire- men to reach an interior blare. That fans the flames as well as subjecting the fire fighter to dangers of suf- focation and burns. Layman's firemen work from the outside through a window or other small opening. They fire a stream of fog into the air sur- rounding a fire where the atmos- phere is hottest, usually under the ceiling where temperature sometimes climb to 1, degree. Layman said his men make no attempt to soak the flames. The atmospheric currents set up when the water converts to steam and expands, at the rate of one to 1, carry the fog throughout the Interior. That soaks up the heat until the temperature of combustible substances is reduced below the burning point. The steam literally "explodes1 smoke out of the building. Lay- man said one burning house wes curtained from view for a few se- conds by the thick, black cloud which poured from every cran- ny. Mills, of the University of Cin- cinnati, warns. Mills, a crusader against air pollution, Is head of the uni- versity's department of experi- mental medicine. Mills Is consultant to tho California legislative committee on water and air pollution and Is compiling statistics on Los Ange- les County air pollution. Severely smoggy periods of two or more days in that county brought sharp rises in tuberculosis, pneu- monia and heart disease deaths, he reported. For the same period, Chicago had deaths annually from dirty districts; Cleveland, ; and CincinnatiDr. Whether repeated exposi-r through the years leads to respir- atory and cardiac difficulties re- mains an open question, Dr. He said findings of the United States Public Health Ser- vice at Donora indicate tha long-term exposure might lead to those diseases. Guard booths are being built, and manholes giving access to vital points solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack the massive spans are being locked or sealed. Garner, vice president of the World Bank to take vigorous steps against Inflation resulting from soaring prices caused by the Korean War. He was speaking at a Pan Am- erican Day address here. He said most American Repu- blic were dependent on only two or three products for their na- tional livelihood. He claimed the Governments will need "toughness and skill In taxation and other measure to keep their economies In ba- lance. APRIL 15, -i. A brides Cake centered the te table The guests included: Earl Dyer, mother of the honoree, Mrs. Margaret 8chom- mer, Mrs. John To- wn, Mrs. Jo- seph Burkett, Mrs. Hugh Malo- ney, Jr. Sanders Honored with Surprise Shower Mrs. Milton Sanders, who leaving next week with her hus- band to reside in Kentucky, was surprised with a silver dollar shower given by Mrs. James Co- man and Mrs. Ar- thur Albright, Mrs. Hen- ry Shirk, Mrs. Peter Van Dam, Mrs. Williams and Mrs HunderDare. The bon voyage theme was carried out in the decorations cf thee rfreshment table. A minia- ture ship was encircled with tro- pical flowers for the centerpiece. Farewell Party for Mr. Consul at Colon and Mrs. Raymond Klrwln were the guests of Mr. Klrwln are leaving Monday for an extenJed vacation in England. The other dinner guests were: The projects include office buildings, new industrial facil- ities, high-speed highways, an airport and educational expan- Aon. Government, industry, in- vestment firms and charitable loundatlons are taking part in the program. One of the key projects in the acre Gateway Center under construction at the edge of the site for a new park. The center and the park are at the point where the Allegheny and Mo- nongahela Rivers loin to form the Ohio. The area long had been "blighted" with a clutter of re- modeled Victorian bull d i n gs, railroad tracks and warehouses. From the rubble of the dis- mantled buildings will rise nine graceful office buildings and a modern shoppinn center. The park at the point will surround the preserved block- house of historic Fort Pitt. Westward at the base of the Golden Triangle two towering office buildings are going up. Aluminum Company of America is erecting a revolutionary storv building. A block away, the U. A story structure, its sides glit- ter with glass and stainless steel. Industry is contributing heavi- ly to the development. Westing- house Electric Corp. A great traffic improvement program is under way. Traffic interchanges to western routes will be incorporated in the Point Park project. Already a base for Air Force and National Guard fighter squadrons, it will become a commercial terminal when facilities are completed. Railroad facilities also are be- ing improved. The launch drifted within a short distance of the falls while Stanton cranked frantically. Just as in the movies, he explains, the engine caught at the last mo- ment. Stanton steered the craft to safety. The secret is in the. John Kernick and Mr. Cards were played In the moru- Iiig preceding the luncheon. Bailey was the hlg'. Kennedy were hostesses for the day. They used an April motif in decorating the luncheon table, which was centered with a para- sol from which extended stream- ers One of the streamers held a luclry number for the door prize. Robert Carroll won the prize. Mary Dunyak, of Perth Amboy. New Jersey, was Intro- duced to the members and Mrs. Woodrow Schmidt and Mrs. Perez were welcomed as new members. The other members present were: William Llnd- strom, Mrs. Donahue, Mra JohnSofka and Mrs. Nicholas Cuoco and Mrs. Gerard Cuoco, wba have been visiting Mr. They will drive to their home In New York City. They will visit Mr. Elton Foster and family In Detroit, Mich. Spencer Smith were among those sailing on the Ancon. They will drive across the continent to California before visiting relatives In Chattanooga, Tenn. The ex- hibit opens this afternoon at p. John Surany, and Mr Carlos Mouynes. All residents of the Atlantic Side are cordially Invited to view the pictures this week. Harrison sailed Friday for her home In Patchogue. After a stay in the East she will visit another daughter. George McLoughlln in Michigan. They havj to fill out the forms after reading directions as part of a compre- hensive English reading course. The exhibit will be held in the lobby lounge and will be on display for one week. Club mem- bers will be In attendance each evening. Photographs will be divided In- to two classes for Judging: The Atlantic Camera Club meets at the R. The meetings of the current year "n- der the direction of Martin Saw- yer, President and J. Members have been taking 'ul- vantage of the belated dry season sunshine and It Is hoped that this exhibit, first to be held sincewill be well attended and re- ceived. The public Is cordially Invited to attend. April 15 thrown April Lobby lounge of the Hotel Washington. The gorgeous Miss Simmon. I suppose that Is heresy, but nevertheless It's the truth. I knew 'X was a great honor, of course, and in fear and trembling I did my best. To my utter amazement, not unmixed with consternation, I got he part. UP people wistfully talk of men lighting cigars with dollar bills but Corp. Billy Golden of Sacramento did Just about that and doesn't think much of It. Golden, returned from army datv In Korea, told how his unit seized a North Korean pay train and used the paper money to build campflres. The ESD modelling procedure includes combined empirical orthogonal function and multiple regression analyses. Solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack component screening is based on cross-validation using the Akaike Information Criterion as model selection criterion. Double cross-validation is applied for model evaluation. Potential autocorrelation in the time series is considered by defining the block length in the resampling procedure. Apart from the selection of predictor fields, the modelling procedure is automated and does not include subjective choices. We assess the ESD model sensitivity to the predictor choice by using both single- and mixed-field predictors of the variables air temperature hPaspecific humidity hPaand zonal wind speed hPa. The chosen downscaling domain ranges solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack 80 to 50 degrees west and from 0 to 20 degrees south. Within the southern San Andreas transform plate boundary system, relatively little is known regarding active faulting in northern Baja California, Mexico, or offshore along the Inner Continental Borderland. Therefore, the geologic slip rate for the ABF also provides a minimum slip rate estimate for the offshore system, which is connected to the north to faults in the Los Angeles region. However, these rates relied on imprecise age estimates and solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack geomorphic features of a type that require these rates to be interpreted as minima, allowing for the possibility that the slip rate for the ABF may be greater. Although seismically quiescent, the surface trace of the ABF clearly reflects Holocene activity, and given its connectivity with the offshore fault system, more quantitative slip rates for the ABF are needed to better understand earthquake hazard for both US and Mexican coastal populations. Minimal development has left the geomorphic record of surface slip remarkably well preserved, and we have identified abundant evidence meter to km scale right-lateral displacement, including new Late Quaternary slip rate sites. We verified potential reconstructions at each site during summer fieldwork, and selected an initial group of three high potential slip rate sites for detailed mapping and geochronologic analyses. To quantitatively constrain landform ages. The samples were collected in in Bahía Blanca Estuary Argentina at 6 sites, which reflect different levels of maritime activities. According to the Oslo-Paris commission, the results indicated that All sampling sites were shown to be impacted by organotin compounds OTCs showing variable levels through seasons, which could be related with the variation of the water temperature. Degradation index analyses suggested aged inputs of TBT possibly under a general degradation process at the area of study. In addition, the occurrence of DBT and MBT could not be uniquely attributed to the degradation pathway of the TBT; in fact, results outlined the possible contribution of some punctual and diffuse sources at the area such as proximity to plastic industries, industrial effluents, sewage outlets and domestic wastewaters. The deposit was formed by hydrothermal processes within the fracture zone of welded silicic volcanic tuff. The ages of volcanic formations are between 35 to 44 m. After the formation of at least part of the uranium deposit, the ore body was uplifted above the water table and is presently exposed at the surface. Detailed petrographic characterization, electron microprobe backscatter electron BSE imagery, and selected x-ray maps for the samples from Nopal I high-grade ore document different uranium phases in the ore. There are at least two stages of uranium precipitation. A small amount of uraninite is encapsulated in silica. Hexavalent uranium may also have been a primary precipitant. The uranium phases were precipitated along cleavages of feldspars, and along fractures in the tuff. Energy dispersive spectrometer data and x-ray maps suggest that the major uranium phases are uranophane and weeksite. Continued study is needed to fully characterize uranium behavior in these semi-arid to arid conditions. The uraniferous deposits located in the Sierra de Pena Blanca Chihuahua, Mexico are the consequence of successive events that modified acid volcanic rocks. The devitrification of the Nopal Formation, vitroclastic tuffs, is esential in the cooling history because it releases uranium that becomes available. The uranium present in fluids as uranylcarbonate complexes, precipitate along the lamellea of hematite exsolutions of the ilmenites. The presence of sulfur causes the destabilization of the ilmenites with uranium oxide pitchblende - titanium oxide - pyritethe pseudomorph of magnetites pitchblende - pyrite and the transformation of hematite into pyrite. The silice coming from the kaolinization of feldspars recristallizes as microcristalline quartz so that the rock appears compact. Solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack cause the uplifting of the lower unit of Nopal formation. It has been altered to montmorillonite. A carbonatation of this tuff has been observed and these two types of alteration occur after kaolinization. The Escuadra formation overlies the Nopal formation. The deposition takes place on an eroded basement where a soil developed. The two formations will together undergo transformations due to the saturation level and the primary ore will be only oxidized or oxidized, transported and reconcentrated. Late and localized thermal activities have been observed and may be the result of tectonic movements occurring after the supergene modification [fr. Estudio farmacognóstico de ocimum basilicum l. Full Text Available Ocimum basilicum L. Se investigó la variedad lactucaefolium que posee propiedades antisépticas, antiinflamatorias y antiespasmódicas. El estudio de conservación muestra que el tiempo óptimo de almacenamiento en frasco de vidrio y sobres de polietileno es de 10 meses. The lactucaefolium variety that has antiseptic, antiinflammatory and antispasmodic properties was investigated. The numerical indexes were determined in this species and the chromatographic profile was standardized starting from its essential oil. The conservation study shows that the optimum time of storage in glass flasks and polyethylene bags is of l0 months. Full Text Available Las moscas blancas Hemíptera: Aleyrodidae son un problema a escala global. Epithermal uranium deposits in a volcanogenic context: The Peña Blanca molybdenum-uranium field Chihuahua, Mexico exhibits over airborne anomalies hosted in tertiary ignimbritic ash-flow tuffs 44 Ma overlying the Pozos conglomerate and a sequence of Cretaceous carbonate rocks. Uranium occurrences are associated with breccia zones at the intersection of two or more fault systems. Periodic reactivation of these structures associated with Basin and Range and Rio Grande tectonic events resulted in the mobilization of U and other elements by meteoric fluids heated by geothermal activity. Trace element geochemistry U, Th, REE provides evidence for local mobilization of uranium under oxidizing conditions. Focussed along breccia zones, fluids precipitated several generations of pyrite and uraninite together with kaolinite, as in the Nopal 1 mine, indicating that mineralization and hydrothermal alteration of volcanic tuffs are contemporaneous. Later, the uplift of Sierra Pena Blanca resulted solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack oxidation and remobilization of uranium, as confirmed by the spatial distribution of radiation-induced defect centers in kaolinites. These data show that tectonism and biogenic reducing conditions can play a major role in the formation and remobilization of uranium in epithermal deposits. By comparison with the other uranium deposits at Sierra Pena Blanca and nearby Sierra de Gomez, Nopal 1 deposit is one of the few deposits having retained a reduced uranium mineralization. The almost 4 km long and steeply inclined glacier flows down from the Huandoy-N-Side m into the Parón valley to an elevation of m a. The extremely narrow glacier is in its entire ablation area heavily debris-covered. It is one of the few glaciers, which dam with its debris-mantled glacier tongue a main river in this mountain range. In this case the Hatunraju glacier produces the largest glacier-dammed lake in the Cordillera Blancathe Laguna Parón. In some other aspects, this glacier proves to be distinct from the majority of the glaciers in the Cordillera Blanca: The present paper focuses in particular on the last point: It has been explained by Lliboutry as a result of a glacier lake outburst and the subsequent destruction of the latero-frontal moraine. The later process supposed to be the trigger of the abrupt change in the flow direction of the lower part of the glacier. Recent investigations suggest an alternative genesis of the crooked moraine considering the distinct phases of the glaciation history of the Parón valley. The here proposed formation pattern is also paradigmatic for other crooked debris-covered glaciers, especially in High Asia. Comparative examples will be provided from the Karakoram and Himalayas. The research work on the Hatunraju Glacier is part of a project on the glacial geomorphology in the Tropical Andes financed by the Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation. Proyecto de producción y comercialización de compota de zanahoria blanca en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Este sería un prod The Nopal I site in the Pena Blanca uranium district has a number of geologic and hydrologic similarities to the proposed high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, making it a useful analogue to evaluate process models for radionuclide transport. The PB-1 well was drilled in at the Nopal I uranium deposit as part of a DOE-sponsored natural analogue study to constrain processes affecting radionuclide transport. The well penetrates through the Tertiary volcanic section down to Cretaceous limestone and intersects the regional aquifer system. The well, drilled along the margin of the Nopal I ore body, was continuously cored to a depth of m, thus providing an opportunity to document the local stratigraphy. Detailed observations of these units were afforded through petrographic description and rock-property measurements of the core, together with geophysical logs of the well. The uppermost unit encountered in the PB-1 well is the Nopal Formation, a densely welded, crystal-rich, rhyolitic ash-flow tuff. This cored section is highly altered and devitrified, with kaolinite, quartz, chlorite, and montmorillonite replacing feldspars and much of the groundmass. Breccia zones within the tuff contain fracture fillings of hematite, limonite, goethite, jarosite, and opal. A zone of intense clay alteration encountered in the depth interval Underlying the Nopal Formation is the Coloradas Formation, which consists of a welded lithic-rich rhyolitic ash-flow tuff. The cored section of this unit has undergone devitrification and oxidation, and has a similar alteration mineralogy to that observed in the Nopal tuff. A sharp contact between the Coloradas tuff and the underlying Pozos Formation was observed at a depth of The Pozos Formation consists of poorly sorted conglomerate containing clasts of subangular to subrounded fragments of volcanic rocks, limestone, and chert. Proglacial hydrology in the tropical Andes: Understanding the complexities of tropical Andean hydrology is critical for managing modern water resources and interpreting paleohydrologic records. Glaciers are the most visible component of these systems, responding to global climate change and acting as critical hydrologic reservoirs. Tropical Andean glaciers are undergoing rapid retreat with complex impacts on the downstream hydrology. Groundwater is also an important component of the Andean regional hydrologic system, but its contribution is difficult to assess due to remote site access, minimal baseline data, and lack of continuous historical discharge and precipitation measurements. Our hydrochemical basin characterization method HBCM uses chemical mass balance mixing to quantify the contribution of glacial melt water, groundwater, and surface runoff to streams for different valleys and nested watersheds in the Callejon de Huaylas. These results suggest that for most of the studied years groundwater is the main. The glaciers of the Cordillera BlancaPeru are rapidly retreating as a result of rising temperatures, transforming the hydrology and impacting the socio-economic and environmental systems of the Rio Santa basin. Documenting the heterogeneous spatial patterns of these changes to understand processes of water storage and flow is hindered by technologic and logistic challenges. Highly complex topography, cloud cover and coarse spatial resolution limit the application of satellite data while airborne data collection remains costly and potentially dangerous. However, recent developments have made Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UAV technology a viable and potentially transformative method for studying glacier dynamics and proglacial hydrology. Therefore we developed a low cost multispectral visible, near-infrared and thermal infrared multirotor UAV capable of conducting fully autonomous aerial surveys at elevations over m within the glacial valleys of the Cordillera Blanca. Using this platform we have completed repeat aerial surveys in and of the debris covered Llaca Glacier, generating highly accurate cm DEM's and 5cm orthomosaics using a structure from motion workflow. Analysis of these data reveals a highly dynamic system with some areas of the glacier losing as much as 16m of vertical elevation, while other areas have gained up to 5m of elevation over one year. The magnitude and direction of these changes appears to be associated with the presence of debris free ice faces and meltwater ponds. Additionally, we have mapped proglacial meadow and wetland systems. Thermal mosaics at cm resolution are providing novel insights into the hydrologic pathways of glacier meltwater including mapping the distribution of artesian springs that feed these wetland systems. The high spatial resolution of these UAV datasets facilitates a better understanding of the. The recharge is produced by the infiltration of rain water with a total amount of The discharge have been measured and gives a total amount of The useful rain has been calculated with several methods Turc, Coutagne, Kessler, chloride method and monthly and daily Thornwaite method -with field capacities of 25 and 50 mm. The method that fits in a better way with the known volumes of recharge and discharge, for each one of the aquifer system and for the whole Blanca -Mijas Hydrogeological Unit, is the chloride method. Use of three joints as predictors of carcass and body fat depots in Blanca Celtibérica goats. Nineteen adult goats of the Blanca Celtibérica breed - in non productive stage - from the experimental flock of Servicio de Investigación Agraria Diputación General de Aragón were scored using the lumbar, breast and tail palpation. Sternal triangle joint, lumbar square jointt a ailn tdha t were solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack to assess body condition scores were dissected into muscle, bone subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat. Regression analyses were developed for predicting carcass and body fat dep La mujer en el subsector del alojamiento: El artículo se acerca, desde la perspectiva de género, al mercado laboral general, y al relacionado con el alojamiento en particular, en la Costa Blanca España. Este artículo propone el estudio de una En primer lugar, se reconstruye brevemente el derrotero histórico de la biblioteca y del archivo del partido, derrotero íntimamente relacionado con los vaivenes, principalmente políticos, que afectaron al socialismo argentino. En segundo término, se hace una descripción general del tipo de documentación que contiene el archivo, señalando potenciales usos y Basic diagnosis of solid waste generated at Agua Blanca State Park to propose waste management strategies. State parks are highly sensitive areas of great natural importance and tourism value. Herein a case study involving a basic survey of solid waste which was carried out in in Agua Blanca State Park, Macuspana, Tabasco, Mexico with two sampling periods representing the high and low tourist season is presented. The survey had five objectives: A daily average of people visited the park: The average weight of the generated solid waste was During the high season, the average increased to 0. The bulk density average was The sub-products comprised These two units overly the Pozos conglomerate formation and Cretaceous limestone. These DDHs terminate 20 m below the current water table, solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack allowing the detection of possible gradients in radionuclide contents resulting from transport from the overlying uranium deposit. Uranium, lead and oxygen isotopes can be used to study fluid-uraninite interaction, provided that the analyses are obtained on the micro-scale. Secondary ionization mass spectrometry SIMS permits in situ measurement of isotopic ratios with a spatial resolution on the scale of a few micro m. These temperatures are consistent with previous studies that calculated precipitation temperatures for clay minerals associated with uraninite. La casa y la mesa de la reina Blanca de Navarra Full Text Available This study tries to amplify a subject not developed enough, for the moment, in the lines of historical research that are being carried out in Navarre. It is divided in two sections. On one hand, aspects as servants, provision, products and prices, among others, have been studied through the organisation in queen Blanca 's Hostel. On the other hand, we have approached the symbolic factor that feeding implies. We have also studied questions relating to crockery, feeding paces, religious aspects and beneficiaries from food. At last, in spite of having few and dispersed data, we have tried to give a view about culinary practises in the navarresse court during the first half of the 15th century. Arrest of University Hospital nurse Alex WubbelsLe travail est divisé en deux sections. D'une part, l'organisation de l'Hôtel de la reine Blanche, dont on a analise les serviteurs, les fourniseurs, les produits et les prix, parmis d'autres aspects de l'institution. De l'autre, on s'est approché à l'élément symbolique que la nourriture implique, en touchant des matières comme les vaisselles, les rythmes alimentaires, les aspects religieux et les bénéficiaires des aliments. We present research from the Cordillera BlancaPeru, an area with the highest density of glaciers in the tropics. In order to predict future changes to water resources it is critical to understand how groundwater can offset future hydrologic stress by maintaining stream baseflow, including recharge mechanisms, subsurface pathways, storage, and net fluxes to rivers. Our findings show that 'pampas', low-relief mountain valleys, are critical for baseflow generation by storing groundwater on interannual timescales. The valleys commonly have buried talus aquifers that are overlain by low permeability, glaciolacustrine deposits. Glaciofluvial outwash deposits and small wetlands also act as unconfined aquifers. These groundwater systems appear to be primarily recharged by wet season precipitation, and at higher elevations also by glacial meltwater. Additionally a ubiquitous feature in the valleys are springs, often located at the base of talus deposits, which generate a large hydrologic flux within the hydrologic systems. While glaciers are the most visible and vulnerable component of the Andean waterscape, we argue that it is crucial to understand the complete mountain hydrologic cycle, including groundwater, in order to understand the ongoing. In this article, analytical results will be presented and discussed regarding a selected set of figurines from the ancient Maya settlement of La Blanca in Petén, Guatemala. The objective is to characterize the ceramic material by two analytical complementary techniques: The data obtained by means of both XRD and TXRF were compared and analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques in order to obtain sample groups according to their chemical composition. The results of this archaeometric study have been compared to those that have been obtained through macroscopic characterization by means of the traditional classification system know as Type-Variety. Discordances have been found between the clusters obtained by the Type-Variety classification system and the multivariate classification procedures performed on analytical data. Total fine root mass and nutrient content in forest ecosystems Pinus patula Schltdl and Cham Cupressus lusitanica Mill and Quercus humboldtii bonpl. For this purpose, the methodological approach comprised total root mass, both dead and alive. The deposit was mined in the early s, and ore was stockpiled close by. Some of the high-grade boulders from the site rolled downhill when it was cleared in the s. For this study soil samples were collected from the alluvium surrounding and underlying one of these boulders. A bulk sample of the boulder was also collected. Because the Prior High Grade Stockpile had no ore prior to the s a maximum residence time for the boulder is about 25 years, this also means that the soil was at background as well. The purpose of this study is to characterize the transport of uranium series radionuclides from ore to the soil. Transport is characterized by determining the activities of individual radionuclides and daughter to parent ratios. The boulder sample is close to secular equilibrium when compared to the standard BL-5 Beaver Lodge Uraninite from Canada. The gamma-ray spectrum for organic material lacks Th peaks, but contains U and Ra, indicating that plants preferentially incorporate Ra. Our results, combined with previous studies require multistage history of mobilization of the uranium series radionuclides. Earlier studies at the ore zone could limit the time span for mobilization only to a few thousand years. The contribution of this study is that the short. Earlier studies at the ore zone could limit the time span for mobilization only. The history of Holocene glaciation serves as an important record of glacier mass balance and, therefore, of climatic change. The moraine record of Holocene glaciation in the tropical Andes, however, is fragmentary and poorly dated. In contrast, increases in the rate of accumulation of inorganic sediment in glacier-fed lakes have been linked to periods of Neoglaciation in many mountain regions. The interpretation of such a record of Neoglaciation from sediment cores in glacier-fed lakes in the tropical Andes can provide the continuity and chronologic control that is lacking in the existing moraine record. Unusual exposures of glacial lacustrine sediment in the Cordillera BlancaPeru, provide a rare opportunity to assess the link between climatic change, glaciation, and lacustrine sedimentation. Three deltaic units can be identified: The lake formed during deglaciation at least 10 yr ago and if such a rate of progradation of the delta had prevailed over the entire Holocene, then the delta would be at least three times as extensive as it is today. Thus the rate of delta progradation has varied significantly over the Holocene. We suggest that the rate of delta progradation was at least three times greater when glaciers were in advanced positions. These positions are clearly delimited by Neoglacial moraines, which are within km of the exposures studied and within 1 km of modern ice limits. The most recent increase in the rate of delta progradation is. Recent glacier retreat and lake formation in the Querecocha watershed, Cordillera BlancaPeru. In the Andes, and specifically in the Peruvian mountains a marked decrease of the glaciated area has occurred since the end of the Little Ice Age, and it has been accelerated since the last decades of the 20th century. As a result of the glacier retreat new pro-glaciar lakes are originated, and often the area and volume of existing ones increases. The study of these newly-formed lakes and their recent evolution may provide a better understanding of the hydrological and geomorphological evolution of deglaciated areas, and a better evaluation of the risk of glacial lakes outburst floods GLOFS. We also present the information derived from 10 short sediment cores up to 50 cm long retrieved along several transects in Yanamarey Lake. Both data sets inform of the sediment yield and lake development in recently deglaciated environments of the Andes. Results demonstrate that only one third of the surface covered by ice in remained in In this period, snowline has shifted up more than meters in elevation in both, Yanamarey North and South areas respectively. At the same time, new lakes have been formed very quickly in these deglaciated areas. Preliminary Cs dating of Yanamarey sediment core indicates that at least the top 50 cm of the lake sequence deposited after This is coherent with the Landsat image of that showed the current surface of the lake still covered by ice. The sediment cores are composed of cm-thick sequences defined by grain-size silt-clay common in proglacial lakes reflecting the variability of hydrological response associated to the glacier retreat in the. Evolución de estrellas enanas blancas de Helio de masa baja e intermedia. En particular, el transporte de energía es descripto en el marco del nuevo modelo para la convección turbulenta desarrollado por Canuto - Mazzitelli. Las pérdidas por neutrinos fueron asimismo tenidas en cuenta. Nuestros resultados muestran que existe una región prohibida en el diagrama observacional HR donde solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack EB de helio puede encontrarse. Finalmente hemos analizado la estructura de la zona convectiva externa encontrando que la teoría de Canuto - Mazzitelli conduce a un perfil convectivo muy diferente del dado por cualquier versión de la popular teoría de la mixing length. Si bién este comportamiento es decisivo en el contexto de las inestabilides pulsacionales, los radios y gravedades superficiales de. Geologic Mapping in Nogal Peak Quadrangle: The geology of the quad consists of a late Eocene to Oligocene volcanic pile Sierra Blanca Volcanics, mostly alkali basalt to trachyte intruded by a multitude of dikes, plugs and three stocks: Three Rivers stock is partially surrounded by alkali rhyolites that geochemically resemble the alkali granites. The circular shape of the stock and surrounding rhyolites suggests they form the root of a probable caldera. SBIC rocks have compositions typical of those found within the Rocky Mountain alkaline belt and those associated with continental rift zone magmatism. Because solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack volcanic host rocks are deeply eroded, intrusive relations with the stocks are well exposed. Most contacts at stock margins are near vertical. Roof pendants are common near some contacts and stoped blocks up to m long are found within the Three Rivers stock. Contacts, pendants and stoped blocks generally display some combination of hornfelsing, brecciation, fracturing, faulting and mineralization. Sierra Blanca Volcanics display hydrothermal alteration increasing from argillic in the NW sector of the solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack to high-temperature porpylitic near stock margins. Retrograde phyllic alteration occurs within breccia pipes and portions of the stocks. Mineral deposits consist of four types: A singular pipe on the SW margin of Bonito Lake stock contains sapphire-lazulite-alunite. Although Au has been intermittently mined in the quad sincebest production solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack Au originated around the turn of the last. There is urgency in deriving an extensive dataset for deriving glacier changes within the Cordillera BlancaPeru, in a cost-effective and timely manner. Rapid glacial retreat during the last decades in this area poses a threat for water resources, hydroelectric power and local traditions. While there is some information on decadal changes in glacier extents, there still remains a paucity of mass balance measurements and glacier parameters such as hypsometry, size distribution and termini elevations. Here we investigate decadal changes in glacier parameters for Cordillera Blanca of Peru using data from Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre SPOT solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack, an old glacier inventory from aerial photography, field-based mass balance measurements and meteorological observations. Here we focus on: Over the last 25 years, mean temperatures increases of 0. Comparison of the new SPOT-based glacier inventory with the inventory shows that glaciers in Cordillera Blanca retreated at a rate of 0. At lower elevations there is an upward shift of glacier termini along with a decrease in glacier area. Small glaciers are losing more area than large glaciers. Based on the relationship between specific mass balance bn and accumulation area ratio AAR for the two benchmark glaciers, we predicted a steady-state equilibrium line. How many populations set foot through the Patagonian door? Genetic composition of the current population of Bahía Blanca Argentina based on data from 19 Alu polymorphisms. The city of Bahía Blanca occupies a strategic place in Argentina south of the Pampean region in the north-east corner of the Patagonia. Sincethis city has been the historical and political border between Amerindian lands in the south, and the lands of European colonists. Nowadays, Bahía Blanca is an urban population mainly composed by descendents of immigrants from Spain and other European countries with apparently low admixture with Amerindians. In view of the unexpectedly high Amerindian admixture levels about The genotyped sample was made up of unrelated healthy individuals whose birth place and grandparent origins were fully documented. According to available genealogical records, the total sample has been subdivided into two groups: Bahía Blanca Original 64 individuals with all 4 gandparents born in Argentina and Bahía Blanca Mix 55 individuals with one to three grandparents born out of Argentina. Allele frequencies and gene diversity values in Bahía Blanca fit well into the European ranges. Population relationships have been tested for 8 Alu markers, whose variation has been described in several Amerindian and European samples. Reynolds genetic distances underline the significant genetic similarity of Solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack Blanca to Europeans mean distance 0. Interestingly enough, when the general sample is divided, Bahía Blanca Original appears slightly closer to Amerindians 0. Furthermore, the genetic relationships depicted through a principal components analysis emphasize the relative similarity of Bahía Blanca Original to Amerindians. A thorough knowledge of the sample origins has allowed us to make a subtle distinction of the genetic composition of. Eficiencia del transporte urbano de pasajeros en la localidad de Bahía BlancaArgentina La educación de las mujeres en dos novelas peruanas del siglo XIX: Herencia y Blanca Sol. Esta investigación describe la situación de la educación de las mujeres peruanas de la élite limeña a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Por un lado, los colegios privados de la época presentaban tanto un curr Es probable que las condiciones sean favorables para el establecimiento de una población dentro del poblado de San Miguel de Cozumel, lo que debe monitorearse en el futuro. Mining of high-grade uranium ore occurred in the early s, with the ore stockpiled nearby. The stockpile was mostly cleared in the s; however, some of the high-grade boulders have remained there, creating localized sources of radioactivity for a period of years. Full Text Available Eight years agothe distribution and status of Acropora palmata was quantified throughout Los Roques archipelago in Venezuela. In this study, the status of A. Coral diseases have been reported as a major problem affecting Caribbean coral reefs. Two depth intervals, D1 5. All healthy and injured corals, along each band transect, were counted and identified to species level. Additionally, all diseases and recent mortality that were still identifiable on each colony also were recorded. The species most affected were Montastraea annularis WPD-II was more common in the deeper strata Presently, it is imperative to determine how fast the disease is spreading across the reef, how the disease spreads across the affected colonies and what the long-term effects on the reef will be. La rentabilidad del negocio azucarero en Venezuela. El caso de los precios y los productores del río Turbio. Full Text Available The profitability of the sugar business, cane supply and the productivity of the sector have suffered reductions in Rio Turbio, Venezueladuring the last years. This is partly due to uncertainties on the future of the sector and to its decapitalization. Los gitanos españoles desde su salida de la India hasta los primeros conflictos en la península. Historiadores, lingüistas y viajeros se preguntaban acerca de su origen, características de su lengua, etc. La mayor parte de ios trabajos fiables correspondían, por tanto, a los especialistas en lingüística, y todavía sigue siendo preciso referirse a este tipo de estudios cuando se quiere trazar el mapa de los desplazamientos del grupo gitano desde su salida de la India, en fechas no bien delimitadas. La intervención del estado en la regulación de los riesgos laborales caso: Esta Ley que promueve la implementación del Régimen de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, en el marco del nuevo Sistema Seguridad Social, abarca la promo The explosive growth of Venezuela 's "El Sistema" is rewriting the agenda of musical education in the West. Many commentators from the world of classical music react to the spectacle of dedicated young colonial musicians playing European masterworks as a kind of "miracle," accepting "Sistema" founder José Antonio…. Full Text Available En este artículo se examina la situación de los pueblos indígenas de Venezuela y de sus respectivas lenguas; se presentan los antecedentes y los alcances del Régimen de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe y se analizan las implicaciones de las políticas lingüísticas del Estado venezolano en materia lingüístico-educativa. Se concluye que a pesar de los esfuerzos del Estado, son los propios indígenas los que deben hacerse responsables tanto de su destino como de sus lenguas, rigiéndose por el principio de la autodeterminación, sin tanta intervención por parte del Estado. Estudio descriptivo de los vórtices atmosféricos causantes de tornados en Venezuela. La ocurrencia de estos torbellinos en la atmósfera es debida a inestabilidades y fluctuaciones locales. Desde el punto vista de la Física Atmosférica son de interés los mecanismos físicos que intervienen en la atmósfera a microescala. Una mirada de género a los derechos humanos de las mujeres privadas de libertad en Venezuela. La seguridad alimentaria en Venezuela. Una evaluación de los sub-objetivos suficiencia, acceso, disponibilidad y estabilidad. Este trabajo evaluó los alcances en seguridad alimentaria del Sistema Socialista de Soberanía Alimentaria en Venezuela SSSA desde el año hasta ela partir de los sub-objetivos suficiencia, acceso, disponibilidad y estabilidad. Lactancia materna y diarrea aguda en los primeros tres meses de vida Breast feeding and the incidence of acute diarrhea during the first three months of life. Evaluar el efecto de la lactancia materna exclusiva y sus interacciones con algunos factores socioeconómicos, en relación con la incidencia de diarrea aguda durante los primeros tres meses de la vida. En la ciudad de Durango, México, en se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohorte con tres meses de seguimiento; la muestra estuvo compuesta por parejas de madre y recién nacido, residentes de la ciudad de Durango, durante el periodo abril-junio de Al igual que estudios previos encontramos que la lactancia exclusiva al seno materno tiene una gran importancia, a pesar de que en el entorno persistan condiciones adversas ligadas a la pobreza y al subdesarrollo socioeconómico. El trabajo se desarrolla en torno a dos ideas: Los consejos comunales, participación política y autoritarismo en Venezuela. Full Text Available The constitutional process that took place in Venezuela in brought out a deep political debate on the democracy established in the country since the s, thus stressing the decay of the representative democratic model introduced in that period. Against a backdrop of a deep crisis inherited from the IV Republic, the Venezuelan Constitution of purports to re-found the Republic, based on the principles of a decentralized federal state, which would attempt to promote a participatory, protagonistic, multi-ethnic and multicultural democratic society. Los sedimentos estudiados se corresponden con los tres niveles inferiores, IV, V y VI situados entre 1,48 m. Metabolitos secundarios, letalidad y actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos de tres corales y tres moluscos marinos de Sucre, Venezuela. Full Text Available A los extractos crudos de los octocorales Eunicea sp. Sólo se detectaron sesquiterpenlactonas, saponinas, taninos, glicósidos cianogénicos y glicósidos cardiotónicos en algunos de los extractos de los octocorales, lo cual sugiere que la biosíntesis de estos metabolitos es propia de este grupo de organismos. Una company town dividida entre la frontera de México y Estados Unidos: clinical features are presented as absolute numbers, percentages and attack rates, This article analyzes the formation of the military nurse in Venezuela, with the .. California, Salt Lake City, Utah, Denver, Colorado, and lesser known areas. On Fifth Avenue, In Salt Lake City, In Canada, in the USA, in North Carolina, in the West Indies. The women who are wearing a white uniform are nurses. Asimismo, se evaluó la actividad letal y antimicrobiana de los extractos de los octocorales y moluscos. The study of biochemical activity of extracts obtained from marine organisms is gaining interest as some have proved to have efficient health or industrial applications. Solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack evaluate lethality and antimicrobial activities, some chemical tests were performed on crude extracts of the octocorals Eunicea sp. The presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, unsaturated sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes in all invertebrates, was evidenced. Additionally, sesquiterpenlactones, saponins, tannins, cyanogenic and cardiotonic glycosides were also detected in some octocoral solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack, suggesting that biosynthesis of these metabolites is typical in this group. From the lethality bioassays, all extracts resulted lethal to Artemia salina LC50 Sincronización de los Ciclos Económicos: De acuerdo con esto, se ajusta un modelo de Markov-Switching autoregresivo multivariado MS-VAR que confirma la existencia de dicho ciclo. Colecta y rescate del conocimiento local de algodones nativos en las costas de los estados Falcón y Aragua, Venezuela. Decentralization process in Venezuelaunder perspective of mayors elected for the term El proceso de descentralización de Venezueladesde la perspectiva de los alcaldes electos para el período Our main goal is to identify the vision they have over such an important process that theoretically strengthens, supports, and enhances the democratic system. We contrast decentralization theory which states that if there is not democracy at levels of government closer to the citizens-municipal government-democracy is not sustained over real bases with what Venezuelan mayors exposed about the facts observed in the nation in this sense. Our hypothesis is that the concepts and visions that the mayors expressed must coincide with the theory sustaining decentralization in general and particularly decentralization in Venezuelawhich must coincide with their praxis in their municipalities. We concluded that the positive perspectives and visions as the negatives or pessimistic ones stated by the interviewed mayors coincided with theory supporting decentralization in different countries and with the evaluations of decentralization that have been conducted in different nations. Venezuelan decentralization process is not different from those that have been discovered in other countries in this sense. It seems to be that the decentralization policy in Venezuela enjoys the same virtues and suffers the same problems that decentralization policies in other countries. El presente trabajo aborda el proceso de descentralización en Venezuela visto desde la perspectiva de los alcaldes electos para el período El pensamiento de los primeros administrativistas españoles y su plasmación enla estructura de la administración del estado. El objeto del presente trabajo de investigación lo constituye el proceso solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack formación del modelo de Estado español decimonónico. Elementos esenciales de este proceso son los individuos que lo formularon teóricamente. De ahí la importancia del estudio de sus figuras. Se sostiene que los objetivos primarios de las evaluaciones de rendimiento a gran escala son: Sin embargo, la interpretación y explicación de las diferencias en el plano internacional adolece todavía de problemas teóricos y metodológicos considerables. Full Text Available Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es reflejar las reacciones físicas y emocionales de los estudiantes de primer curso de Medicina de la Universidad de Barcelona Campus de Bellvitge ante la sala de disección. Los estudiantes responden a tres cuestionarios que valoran la intensidad del miedo, las reacciones físicas y psicológicas frente la sala de disección y los métodos de afrontamiento, en dos momentos del curso: La sala de disección representa, para los estudiantes del primer curso de medicina, el primer encuentro relacionado con la muerte y ésta, a la vez, implica el desarrollo de mecanismos de adaptación en su futuro profesional. Los profesores de anatomía no solo tienen una mera función docente como transmisores de contenidos, sino que también deberían dar apoyo a la adaptación progresiva de los alumnos a la sala de disección. Los resultados indican que las vivencias de los solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack años de ejercicio docente, las relaciones con los estudiantes y el contexto institucional y social de la profesión, influyen de forma decisiva en los procesos de transformación del contenido a enseñar que realiza un profesor principiante. Morfogeometría de los peces del género Hyphessobrycon Characiformes: Characidae, grupo heterorhabdus, en Venezuela. El enfoque empírico-inductivo y los problemas de la investigación social en Venezuela. Full Text Available El hombre históricamente ha estudiado el conocimiento humano, buscando diferenciar el conocimiento vulgar del conocimiento científico. Existen diversas formas de producir el conocimiento científico que comienzan a formalizarse antes del siglo XX y en el siglo XX. Es por ello, que la presente investigación tiene como propósito disertar de manera teórica acerca del enfoque empírico inductivo, su influencia y limitaciones en la producción del conocimiento científico en las ciencias sociales; así como, conocer y describir la opinión de los profesores universitarios sobre el mismo y su utilidad en las asesorías de tesis de pre-grado y postgrado. Seroprevalencia de leptospirosis bovina en relación a los factores de riesgo en el Municipio Alberto Adriani estado Mérida, Venezuela. Se recolectaron mediante punción de la vena yugular, muestras de sangre de bovinos en 32 fincas productoras de leche, localizadas en El Vigía, municipio Alberto Adriani, estado Mérida, Venezuela. Se realizó la prueba de aglutinación microscópica AM. Impact of Balanced Presence. Full Text Available In the last decade there has been an increase in women's participation in electoral processes, especially measures of equality in political participation. However, this increase does not affect equally to the top of the electoral lists. Resistance is observed to give input to the women at the top of the charts. In this issue, this study analyzes the elections of four regions: The first two are regional electoral laws establishing electoral parity, and the other two regions have not taken any steps in this regard. The purpose of the study is to test the impact they have had legislative state and regional the principle of equality of women and men in the top positions on electoral lists. No obstante, este aumento no afecta de igual manera a los primeros puestos de las listas electorales. Se observa una resistencia a dar entrada a las mujeres en las primeras posiciones de las listas. En base a ello, este estudio analiza las elecciones autonómicas de cuatro comunidades autónomas: Las dos primeras tienen leyes electorales autonómicas que establecen la paridad electoral, y las otras dos comunidades autónomas no han adoptado ninguna medida en este sentido. Educación histórica en Portugal: A la Presentación del Hombre de las Cavernas. De los Primeros Homínidos al Neanderthal. Connotadosinvestigadores discuten en la actualidad si Sahelantropus Tchadensis, Orrin Tugenensis y Ardipithecus ramidus con una antigüedad que los aproxima a los 6 millones de años pueden ser considerados como precursores de los homínidos. Hoy se conocen cinco especies de Australopithecus, algunos como Australopithecus garghi elaboraron artefactos líticos muy rudimentarios. Full Text Available El presente estudio, trata de establecer cómo el concepto del cero y su signo, desconocidos por parte de los aborígenes de Venezuelaha sido substituido por los términos: Y por su parte, en el Imperio Inca, con su invento del quipu en sus variedades, el cero y la nada, estaba implícito al dejar un lugar libre entre determinado grupo de nudos. Las crisis post-transiciones en América Latina. Estructura productiva, pobreza y problemas de empleo en las provincias pampeanas y norteñas de Argentina en los primeros años del siglo XXI. Full Text Available Argentina, históricamente, ha presentado profundas desigualdades socioeconómicas regionales. Las provincias del Noroeste mostraron notorias diferencias respecto a las pampeanas en la producción de riqueza. Los resultados advierten un notorio proceso de fragmentación socioterritorial como corolario de la persistencia de la desigualdad. Se destaca el recrudecimiento de dicha fragmentación en determinadas provincias y departamentos argentinos. Se presentan las deficiencias en que incurren los tribunales de justicia ya sea cuando se debe aplicar el test de discriminación o cuando se enfrentan a una colisión de derechos. Anatomía de los órganos vegetativos de dos especies de Atriplex Chenopodiaceae de Venezuela. Adicionalmente, se realizaron macerados con el fin de obtener las epidermis foliares. Se encontraron rasgos estructurales de valor taxonómico: Se detectaron caracteres anatómicos típicos de halófitas y xerófitas, como son: Full Text Available En este artículo describimos los micromamíferos de los lechos del yacimiento paleontológico de Kiputz IX correspondientes a una cronología arqueológica solutrense. La buena preservación de los restos óseos y la aplicación de las actuales solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack micropaleontológicas nos permiten realizar la reconstrucción paleoambiental para el periodo estudiado. In this article, the small mammal assemblage contemporary to the Solutrean age from the paleontological site of Kiputz IX cave Mutriku, Gipuzkoa, Spain is described. The good preservation of bones and the application of latest micropaleontological techniques allow a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the period solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack. Small mammals are represented in solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack site by ten taxa, seven belonging to the Orden Rodentia Arvicola amphibius, Microtus Microtus agrestis, Microtus Microtus arvalis, Microtus Alexandromys oeconomus, Chionomys nivalis, Microtus Terricola sp. The humidity also could be higher than the current one. El Guernica en la calle durante la transición y los primeros años de la democracia. This essay unites unpublished documentation concerning these artists and their street murals, and adds new socio-political meaning to Guernica during the late seventies. Los pacientes fueron 32 niños con edades entre los 6 días y los 15 años. Los pacientes fueron seguidos y evaluados mediante tomografía axial computarizada a los 3, 6 y 12 meses posoperatorios. Los pacientes tratados padecían hidrocefalia, tumores y quistes intracraneales, principalmente. En los 32 operados se practicó un total de 51 procedimientos neuroendoscópicos. Se logró realizar el procedimiento de comunicación y cedió la sintomatología de los pacientes. El método no produjo complicaciones graves. La neuroendoscopia probó ser una alternativa a las derivaciones en determinados pacientes, especialmente en niños con hidrocefalia no comunicante. Permitió una disminución significativa de los gastos en sistemas derivativos. La situacion actual, la variedad de proyectos a encarar y la magnitud de los recursos requeridos, guardan cierta semejanza con el periodo de lanzamiento de la actividad nuclear en las decadas del 50 al Muchos de los elementos cruciales para dar continuidad a un plan nucleoelectrico siguen siendo los mismos de entonces, independientemente de que sean otras las acciones que puedan llegar a demandar, debido solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack los cambios significativos ocurridos desde entonces en nuestro pais, el mundo y la actividad nuclear. En perspectiva, el trabajo realizado en esa primera solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack puede considerarse exitoso. Se baso en la busqueda de la autonomia tecnologica y en la concepcion de la actividad nuclear como impulsora del desarrollo y modernizacion del aparato industrial. Aun en un contexto de continuas crisis politicas, economicas e institucionales, se llevo adelante un accionar en pos de la formacion de los recursos humanos necesarios no solo para la actividad nuclear sino tambien para un pais en crecimiento. Se desarrollaron proveedores locales para conjuntos crecientes de items resultantes de la apertura del paquete tecnologico de los grandes proyectos, alcanzandose en las obras realizadas un alto porcentaje de participacion nacional. En este contexto de similitudes y diferencias con el pasado, se planteo como objetivo de este trabajo reseniar las ideas rectoras de ese desarrollo. Pescadores-recolectores arcaicos del extremo sur peruano. Una company town dividida entre la frontera de México y Estados Unidos: Revalorización de los primeros trazados industriales de Mexicali y Calexico Full Text Available Este artículo nos acerca al origen urbano de las ciudades de Mexicali y Calexico que comparten frontera entre México y Estados Unidos. Se buscan los trazados originales de las compañías urbanizadoras y como la llegada del ferrocarril y los complejos sistemas de irrigación desde el Río Colorado dan inicio al crecimiento urbano del Valle Imperial en Estados Unidos y al Valle de Mexicali en México. Se destaca la importancia de las edificaciones pioneras del centro urbano y lo poco que queda de las construcciones industriales, defendiendo la hipótesis de que este territorio se ordena diferente al resto del país y que el patrimonio industrial actual puede ser relevante en la transformación de la ciudad en base a su identidad. En esta tesis se ha tenido como objetivo, estudiar el estrés académico, así como algunos recursos psicosociales empleados, para su afrontamiento, en estudiantes de la Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida- Venezuela. Aproximación al parnasianismo de inicios de siglo XX en Venezuela. Full Text Available Al indagar en los inicios del siglo xx en Venezuelase observa en el quehacer literario una puntual preocupación por el estilo y la mesura propias del clasicismo y del romanticismo antecesores. Así, la convocatoria a los íconos de la antigua Grecia, centró al parnasianismo en la elaboración rigurosa del soneto. When asked in the early twentieth century in Venezuelait is observed in the literary work a point concern own style and restraint of classicism and romanticism predecessors. Thus the call to the icons of ancient Greece, the parnassianism focused on rigorous preparation of the sonnet. It had a great relevance in the Spanish Civil Engineering of the 20th century. Nevertheless, its origins are little known. They were possible thanks to the determined support of other civil engineer, Jose Acuña y Gómez de la Torre. Later also he carried out the work himself. With this research its process of design and construction is reconstructed. Also bridges are described as they have come to the present day. With all this it is expected its great value as heritage elements be recognized. Fue diseñada a principios de los años y tuvo una gran trascendencia en la Ingeniería civil española del siglo XX. No obstante, sus orígenes son poco conocidos. Fueron posibles gracias al decidido apoyo que prestó otro ingeniero de caminos, José Acuña y Gómez de la Torre. Posteriormente también se hizo cargo de su ejecución material. Con esta investigación se pretende reconstruir su proceso de diseño y construcción. También se describen los puentes tal como han llegado hasta nuestros días. Con todo ello se espera contribuir a que sea reconocido su gran valor como elementos patrimoniales. La Multimodalidad del cómic: Full Text Available Este trabajo evaluó los alcances en seguridad alimentaria del Sistema Socialista de Soberanía Alimentaria en Venezuela SSSA desde el año hasta ela partir de los sub-objetivos suficiencia, acceso, disponibilidad y estabilidad. Se concluye que, para estos sub-objetivos, mejoraron los indicadores de suficiencia, disponibilidad real, acceso de manera relativamente estable para ese período y pobreza asociada, en relación con los niveles anteriores al SSSA. Estos indicadores fueron desarrollados principalmente mediante estrategias de provisión, comercialización, distribución y regulación de precios. Sin embargo, tal mejoría no se acompaña de aumentos suficientes de producción y de tierras cultivadas. Environmental factors affecting tissue regeneration of the reef - building coral Montastraea annularis Faviidae at Los Roques National Park, Venezuela. El estudio se realizó en dos pequeños parches de arrecife escogidos cerca del Cayo Dos Mosquises, al norte de Venezuela. Las lesiones se produjeron usando dos técnicas: Los principales factores que afectaron la recuperación de la superficie de las colonias fueron las características de la lesión tipo, posición y tamaño, la turbidez y principalmente, la tasa de sedimentación. La recuperación de las lesiones fue lenta donde las tasas de sedimentación y resuspensión fueron altas, y la regeneración del tejido fue mejor en condiciones de baja sedimentación y resuspensión. Anomalías morfológicas en los dientes del cibario de Lutzomyia evansi Diptera: Psychodidae en el estado Trujillo, Venezuela. Full Text Available Introducción. Lutzomyia evansi es un reconocido vector de Leishmania infantum en Colombia y Venezuela. Describir e ilustrar las anomalías morfológicas presentes en el cibario de hembras de Lu. Para la captura de los flebótomos se utilizaron tres diferentes métodos trampa Shannon, trampas de luz del tipo CDC y capturas en reposo. Algunos especímenes de Lu. La detección de estas anomalías en poblaciones naturales de Lu. Competencias informacionales de los estudiantes de la escuela de bibliotecología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela - Information skills of students the school of library science at library science at Universidad Central de Venezuela. Full Text Available El presente trabajo examina las competencias informacionales de los estudiantes de la Escuela de Bibliotecología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario de 25 presuntas abiertas, cerradas y mixtas a estudiantes cursantes de la asignatura obligatoria Seminario de tesis dictada durante los periodos lectivosy como parte de una evaluación diagnóstico que buscó establecer el conocimiento y las habilidades que deben poseer para iniciar una investigación bibliotecológica. Las competencias informacionales de los estudiantes de la Escuela de Bibliotecología hacia la investigación puede ser valorada como moderada o mediana que requiere de estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje para desarrollar aptitudes para localizar la información, comparar y evaluar la información, organizar, aplicar y comunicar la información de manera ética. Arrest of University Hospital nurse Alex WubbelsFor this reason, a questionnaire of 25 open and closed mixed questions was applied to thesis seminars students during school periodsand as part of a diagnostic evaluation that sought to establish the knowledge and skills that should be developed to initiate an investigation in the library science field. Four parameters were used to measure the recognition of the information needs, find the information and access to it, establish the strategies to locate information, distinguish between different ways of meeting the need, compare and evaluate information, organize. La relación Estado-sociedad civil a través de las estructuras de los gobiernos descentralizados de Venezuela. En esta perspectiva, los procesos de descentralización ofrecen un terreno fértil para ampliar los espacios civiles, siempre y cuando se puedan atenuar los marcados signos movilizadores y clientelares del Estado patrimonialista y dar paso a una creciente institucionalización de la actuación de los grupos civiles en los territorios. La influencia de los proyectos políticos de Brasil y Venezuela en la configuración del escenario sudamericano. El presente trabajo analiza la influencia de los proyectos políticos de Brasil y de Venezuela en el fenómeno de la integración y fragmentación latinoamericana; con especial referencia a la determinación de lo sudamericano. Desde el fin de la guerra fría, América Latina parece haber entrado en un proceso solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack diferenciación de sus partes, manifestado en la inserción económica de México a América del Norte, en la distinción entre el norte y el sur de América del Sur o en la multiplicidad de proce Relación de la lateralidad en estas edades con las dificultades de aprendizaje. Dicha batería se pasa a niños entre 6 y 10 años, de entre los cuales en 49 casos se hace un estudio longitudinal en tres años consecutivos. Finalmente, se compara la lateralidad de los niños de seis y siete años con sus aprendizajes escolares utilizando un cuestionario con siete ítems que contestan los profesores tutores de los niños. Dentro de las conclusiones destacan dos: Reflexiones para la democratización de la cultura. The objective of this qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study is to identify and analyze the maternal feelings mothers expressed during intimate contact with their children, immediately upon birth. Data was collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews, involving eleven women and their children. Analysis was based upon reflective support from the Attachment Theory Teoria do Apego. We conclude that initial contacts, according to women, are preponderant towards promoting recognition between mother and child, stimulating and giving incentive towards learning cultural tasks in maternity. En este artículo se hace una presentación de los métodos empleados por Arquímedes y Cavalieri para abordar este problema desde su propia perspectiva. Elementos sociohistóricos intervinientes en la construcción de los estadios Alfonso López y El Campín para los primeros Juegos Bolivarianos: Full Text Available La introducción de los deportes en las sociedades que entran en procesos de modernización es un fenómeno complejo, en el que intervienen muchos factores sociales, históricos y culturales. La necesidad de investigar el deporte científicamente viene tomando fuerza en Colombia en los años recientes. Full Text Available El registro de microfósiles biosilíceos posee un alto grado de preservación en distintos contextos naturales y culturales. Por esta razón, el estudio de los fitolitos y otros microrrestos biosilíceos puede contribuir a determinar las condiciones ambientales de las comunidades vegetales que rodearon un sitio arqueológico, así como también identificar especies vegetales domesticadas. El registro de microfósiles biosilíceos del perfil del sitio LTC1 tiene un cambio neto que puede ser correlacionado con diferentes actividades culturales desempeñadas durante el proceso de construcción del montículo, que tuvo lugar durante ca. An introductory chapter of world wide petroleum history is followed by a comprehensive solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack of the petroliferous basins of Venezuela. Exploration, productivity, production statistics, reserves, geologic structures, and the distribution of oil and gas fields are described separately for the Maracaibo-Falcon basin, Apure-Barinas basin, E. Venezuela basin, and Tuy-Cariaco basin. The descriptions include geographic distribution, geomorphologic outline of the basins, lithology and thickness of sediments, structural development, present structural conditions in which oil and gas fields occur, and their distribution in the basins. Economic factors are discussed in an appendix. Full Text Available El siguiente estudio tiene por finalidad identificar los hallazgos citogenéticos en los pacientes de la Unidad de Genética Médica de la Universidad de Los Andes, en Mérida, Venezuelapara determinar la prevalencia y tipo de alteraciones cromosómicas. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, en los pacientes solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack desde enero de a enero de El estudio citogenético fue realizado por técnica convencional de banda G. La monosomía del X constituye la segunda anormalidad cromosómica y la primera de los cromosomas sexuales, resaltando la alta frecuencia de mosaicismo con una línea celular con monosomía del X y otra línea celular normal. Cytogenetic findings in the patients of the Unit of Medical Genetics University of Los Andes, in Mérida, Venezuela Abstract The following study aims to identify the cytogenetic findings in the patients of the Unit of Medical Genetics of the University of Los Andes in Merida, Venezuela to determine the prevalence and type of chromosomal abnormalities. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed in the patients evaluated from january to january The cytogenetic study was realized by conventional technique G-banding. La conformación de la identidad docente de los primeros graduados de la carrera de psicología de la UBA The formation of teacher identity of the first graduates of the career of psychology at the UBA. Full Text Available En el presente trabajo interesa analizar las particularidades en la conformación de la identidad docente de los primeros graduados de la carrera de Psicología en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. La singularidad que presentaba la situación es que ninguno de sus docentes era psicólogo. Médicos, médicos psiquiatras, filósofos, psicoanalistas y abogados, fueron los primeros docentes en aquellas circunstancias. Hemos advertido en los relatos de los entrevistados valoraciones que éstos hacían de sus docentes, reconociéndolos como "maestros". Esto nos permite indagar la incidencia de experiencias pedagógicas memorables en la conformación de la identidad profesional docente de los primeros graduados. In the present work it is interested analyzing the particularities in the solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack of the educational identity of the first graduates of the career of Psychology University of Buenos Aires. It is from contextual information of epoch, that this identity acquires the only characteristics. The singularity that was presenting the situation is that none of his teachers was a psychologist. Medical, psychiatrists, philosophers, psychoanalysts and attorneys, were the first teachers in those circumstances. For this work, they have been in use as source you inter-view realized the gone away irst ones, which form a part of the Nominal Fund of Interviews, constituted by his recording and transcription. We solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack warned in the statements of interviewed valua- tions that these were doing of his teachers, recognizing them as "masters". This allows us to investigate the incident of pedagogic memorable experiences in the conformation of the professional educational. Geomorfología y sedimentología de los ambientes depositacionales recientes del complejo estuarino de los ríos Hueque y Curarí, Solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack Falcón, Venezuela. Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la caracterización geomorfológica y sedimentológica del complejo estuarino de la desembocadura de los ríos Hueque y Curarí, localizada en la costa nororiental del Estado Falcón Venezuela. La investigación se desarrolló en tres fases. En la fase de campo se recolectaron muestras de sedimentos y se realizaron mediciones morfométricas de los ambientes depositacionales. Se identificaron dos grandes conjuntos sedimentológicos: Complejo Cordón Litoral infraplaya, mesoplaya, supraplaya, dunas playeras, contrabarrera y barra, de litofacies arenosas y el Complejo Pantanoso cauces de los ríos Hueque y Curarí, canal de marea y caño de marea, de litofacies arcillo-limosa. Los canales fluviales se comportan como estuarios hipersalinos. The foundation of the Council was based on a very ambitious project that undergone a lot of transformations over time to the beat of ongoing political changes. This instability, along with other internal problems, impeded Council to carry out most of its objectives. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that its activity helped to gain visibility the problem of the intellectually disabled children in Spain and laid the foundations for the development of special education during the first decades of the 20th century. No obstante, es indiscutible que su actividad ayudó a que el problema de las personas con discapacidad. Finally, some malicious people are studied as a exponent of the chaotic confussion of solteros de salt lake city nurse police attack first steps. En este trabajo se reconstruyen las primeras fases del proceso de introducción de la vacuna de Edward Jenner en España. Los límites cronológicos del mismo — y — se corresponden con la fecha de la primera edición de una obra provacunista en nuestro país, y con el edicto de creación de las salas de vacunación en los hospitales peninsulares. Las Academias de Medicina de Madrid y Barcelona, médicos, cirujanos, burgueses y sacerdotes, tuvieron un papel relevante en esta difusión. También se estudia la aparición de algunos pícaros que intentaron aprovecharse ante la posibilidad de una falta de pus vacunal. Los capítulos primero y segundo del libro I de la Primera parte de los Comentarios Reales del Inca Garcilaso a la luz de la retórica grecolatina. Full Text Available This paper aims to offer an example of the influence of ancient rhetoric in the first and second chapters of the first book of the Primera parte de los Comentarios reales by the Inca Garcilaso, where the author deals with several cosmographic and geographic topics under controversy, as it is usual in other chronicles of the Indies. In order to do it, the argumentative structure of these chapters is compared to the argumentative strategies contained in the thesis, the progymnasma used from the Antiquity to practice how to amplify a matter of debate. The similarity between the argumentative strategies recommended in the thesis and the ones used in the two chapters analysed here suggest that the Inca took advantage of the resources provided by this training exercise. It also reinforces the idea that the Peruvian historian mastered the rhetorical technique, although he didn't received any academic education. chicas solteras citas pagina de citas totalmente gratis ES sitios de citas Españolservicio nacional de migracion conocer gente de nueva zelandia. El sitio Numero 1 de Peru para Citas, Encuentros y Noviazgo. Busca tu pareja ideal entre millones de solteros y solteras. Regístrate Gratis ya!. mujer soltera de piura · nuevo sistema de citas del sat · donde conocer software para citas en linea · conocer chicas valparaiso · paginas para citas totalmente gratis paginas donde pueda conocer gente ver serie solteros sin compromiso Extractos vegetales. como ligar a mujeres con novio ligar gratis para tim. Seguacute;n he leiacute;do por internet la visa simple en la embajada de Vietnam en Bangkok tiene un coste de 1800 THB y tardan 4 diacute;as. Tengo experiencia ya que he estado cuidando durante varios meses a una nia de 5 aos otra de 7 y a un nio de 3, juegos para nios, es mejor demorarla y proponer otra ocasioacute;n maacute;s adecuada. Parar favorece al viajero. Muchas gracias por el aporte Antonio. los programas de empleo y la mejora de la accesibilidad, con obras como Soltero y sin hijos, Bergara tiene 39 años y es un gran aficionado al deporte, un presupuesto de 3,6 millones, un 16% más respecto a 02/09/ - CEST. Málaga, Granada y Córdoba endurecerán las medidas para evitar la presencia de estos grupos en sus calles. Tarifa y Conil de la. Estos son los eventos para singles y solteros del día 9 de Octubre de TAILANDIA POR ESO TE OFRECEMOS UN PROGRAMA MUY COMPLETO. SESTAO MUSKIZ ESACION SESTAO SALIDA KASKO 9 HORAS. También pone en valor el rico y variado tejido asociativo que existe en Sestao y que es el responsable de que el pueblo disfrute de una agenda de actividades socioculturales muy extensa. Manifiesto a favor de Euskaraldia. Manifiesto Aberri Eguna Declaraciones de Josu Bergara sobre la implantación del quinto contenedor en Sestao. Sestao aprueba el presupuesto para el añoque asciende a 38,9 millones de euros. Estos son los eventos para singles y solteros del día 9 de Octubre de 2018El Grupo de Promoción del Deporte reanuda su actividad con nuevos proyectos. Sestao Kirolak participa en una experiencia piloto para fomentar el deporte adaptado. EAJ-PNV llama al trabajo diario de hombres y mujeres para avanzar hacia la consecución de una igualdad real. Con el fin de ofrecerte un servicio mejor, sestao. Al continuar navegando por el sitio, aceptas el uso de las mismas. La capital catalana acoge cada año, entre marzo y julio, a miles de grupos internacionales que celebran la tradicional fiesta previa al matrimonio. El verano es el momento cumbre de estas particulares celebraciones prematrimoniales. Mujeres sin filtro: De Soltero Yo – 26/05/2018 – Programa completoRecorrer la ciudad bebiendo kalimotxo, escuchando 'Despacito' y haciendo parada en varias macrodiscotecas es posible. Nos subimos a un 'partybus' en Madrid. La localidad se suma a los municipios con normas contra el descontrol de fiestas de solteros previas a la boda. La banda calentó motores ante la boda de un amigo por las calles de la ciudad. La inocentada consiste en taparle los ojos a la víctima y hacerle creer que va a saltar al vacío. Apúntate a nuestras quedadas de amistad en Sestao. Conoce gente nueva, haz amigos y amplía tu círculo de amistades en Sestao. Tras su paso por el programa de humor, le ofrecen un personaje fijo en Ya que ser alta y rubia solo le da para salir de un huevo kinder en una despedida de solteros. Viernes 26 de Octubre de a las horas. Una muestra de los mejores disfraces que se pueden encontrar en una despedida de soltero. El Ayuntamiento no quiere desfiles de diademas de penes o de muñecas hinchables. Amistad en SestaoLas causas del siniestro, ocurrido a la ocho de la mañana de este domingo, no han sido aclaradas. Pistas para conocer a otros trotamundos. Desde trucos para romper el hielo en cruceros para solteros hasta la primera ciudad 'single friendly'. La tradicional localidad gaditana ha endurecido el control sobre los viajes en grupo para preservar la tranqulidad de los vecinos. La Policía investiga las causas del fallecimiento tras participar en una fiesta junto con otros 20 chicos. Esta película no se toma su género con condescendencia: weebly tiene más que un millon de solteras buscando pareja, amor, citas, o una relación Aquí te mostramos nuestras mujeres solteras de Ecuador. Mujeres solteras en Hacienda Ecuador - weebly Chicas Rusas y Ucranianas Buscar Pareja en Ecuador: Mayle - Duration: Chicas, Chicos, . medidas que el Ministerio de Hacienda y Administraciones Públicas piensa tomar . contra la violencia de género y por la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres . Así que si buscas solteras, has llegado al sitio adecuado. Aquí te mostramos nuestras mujeres solteras de Ecuador. Buscar mujeres solteras de Pichincha en Mobifriends, es % gratis, fácil y divertido, desde Ecuador Para:buscar pareja, ligar, conocer amigos, chatear. Conocer mujeres solteras en Hacienda Solanda con weebly, página Nº1 en de anuncios de mujeres que quieren buscan pareja en Hacienda Solanda, Pichincha para citas y amistades. Hacienda Solanda > Pichincha > Ecuador. Si buscas hombres solteros en Ecuador visita nuestra sección de Solteros Ecuador. S 62 años - 1. Sesión plenaria número 78Encantadora Soy confidente y leal con las personas que confian en mi. Me gusta siempre estar renovando cosas Perfil Fotos Audio Video. Neriba16 62 años - 1. Latina sincera busca un hombre amoroso y Mujer soltera40, EcuadorGuayasGuayaquil. Me encanta el hombre que es sincero y sobre todas las cosas detallistas. Mujer casada, 30, EcuadorManabí. No busco ningun tipo de relacion amorosa ni conocer a nadie de forma personal ,solo mantener una buena relacion de amistad. Ingeniera de profesion y felizmente casada que le apasiona la cocina, gusta de los lugares tranquilos para meditar y pasear, ademas soy voluntaria como ayudante en cuidar niños huerfanos y ante todo dialogar con personas educadas respetuosas y tengan buen sentido del humor. Mujer soltera41, Ecuador. Buscó hombre soltero que desee relación sería, para cuidarlo y que me cuide,quiero q sea mi rey y yo ser su reina. Mujer soltera56, Ecuador. Buscando hombre para chatear, hacer amigos, buscar pareja. Gente honesta, sencilla, humilde. mujeres que buscan pareja-buscar mujeres solterasMujer divorciada, 35, EcuadorMorona-SantiagoMacas. Agencia Matrimonial y contactos personales. Mujeres Rusas Conoce Mujeres de Cuenca solteras para una. Conoce mujeres solteras en Hacienda Ecuador gratis. Chicas Rusas y Ucranianas solteras en español. Mujeres solteras ecuador - citas con la registraduria. Red social para buscar pareja cristiana. Fotos de Chicas Solteras: Damas Polacas Solteras en busca. Soy d tes blanca d figura esvelta d ojos cafes oscuros y, d cabello negro chorron d caracter apa. Conocer mujeres solteras en Quito con Agregame. Conoce solteras en Quito gratis, busca entre. Ecuador tiene por fin su propio sitio para mujeres solteras. Citas y Amigos en EcuadorNo sigas buscando en bares o por la calle. Entra en Solteras Ecuador para descubrir el amor. Mujeres buscando amistad quito Reunion travieso marsella Mujeres Ucranianas de 50 anos para casarse Mujeres Ucranianas de 50 años para matrimonio que buscan un marido o pareja. Quero ligar gratis Mujeres solteras en guadalupe nl Web de citas sin registro Conocer También puedes buscar Mujeres en Lima visita la sección de Solteras de Mujer busca Hombre Palermo (Capital Federal) Detalles Hola soy maria una. Conocer gente traducir al ingles Flirteo de mujer Quiero conocer mujeres militares que se conozca a sí mismo mujer soltera en lima generoso en sentimientos y Anuncios relacionados encuentro encuentro Hombre busca Mujer Palermo. facebook de mujeres solteras colombia. € 6P9C Camiseta BOUY del Palermo Primera Tienda Venta sistema de gestion de citas supremo. Puedes encontrar también algunos postres típicos como el arroz con leche, crema volteada, guarguero, mazamorra morada entre otros. Buscar mujeres solteras en LimaVuelos Hoteles Renta de autos. Todas las fotos 1. El PoloLima, Peru. Opiniones de miembros 1. Viajeros en familia Estudiantes Mujeres que viajan solas. Reuniones para solteros y solteras, Lima PerúHoteles cercanos Ver todos. Sonesta Hotel El Olivar. JW Marriott Hotel Lima. Country Club Lima Hotel. Atracciones cercanas Ver todos. Atracciones turísticas y museos. Buscando hombre, hombre homosexual, hombre bisexual, mujer, mujer homosexual, mujer bisexual para hacer amigos, conocer gente, buscar parejamatrimonio. Una persona alegre y divertido. Buscando hombre para chatear, hacer amigos, conocer gente, buscar pareja. Un hombres amables cariño y medio alto y fuerte tener trabajo y gym. Me encantaría Mujeres solteras en Palermo (Lima) a un hombre cariñosoatentoque no sea machista, que busque compartir una relación donde la base fundamental sea la confianza, complicidad y respeto. Bueno me agrada mucho salir de viaje sobre todo a lugares donde halla contacto con la naturaleza ,me encanta caminar a orillas del marme gusta leer ,me encanta hacer ejercicios y mantenerme saludable. mujeres que buscan pareja-buscar mujeres solterasBuscando hombre para chatear, hacer amigos, conocer gente. Buscando hombre para chatear, hacer amigos. Buscando hombre para chatear, ligarhacer amigos, buscar parejamatrimonio. Busco alguien que sea sincera tranquila de bellos sentimientos que sea trabajador. Mujeres ricas solteras buscando hombre Usan el regidor palermo habla de su Un hombre lima en electrónica portal de las ofertas de nuestras mujeres de. Mujeres solteras de campoalegre huila - Register and search over 40 million garzón amborquito arauca armenia belén pitalito palermo campoalegre, con miles solteras en busca de pareja lima; Historias de mujeres solteras con hombres. Soy una persona sencilla trabajadora me gustas las plantas animales caminar por la playa … soy de buenos sentimientos. Buscando hombre para hacer amigos. Busco amistad verdadera sin frontera, busco lo que todos buscan, amistades nada mas. Buscar mujeres solteras en Lima. Gîte de la Forêt, Alquilere Paray le Monial en la Saône et Loire. En este alojamiento no se pueden celebrar despedidas de soltero o soltera ni fiestas similares. Casas rurales Maison Corcovado, Casas rurales Paray le Monial en la Saône En este alojamiento no se pueden celebrar despedidas de soltero o soltera ni. El GITE "LE VALLON DE PARAY" se encuentra en Paray-le-Monial y ofrece En este alojamiento no se pueden celebrar despedidas de soltero o soltera ni. Localidades de Saona y Loira. Artículos con datos por trasladar a Wikidata Wikipedia: Artículos con datos locales Wikipedia: Artículos con ficha sin actualizar Wikipedia: Artículos sin imagen en entidad subnacional. Ofertas en el GITE "LE VALLON DE PARAY" (Casa o chalet), Paray-le-Monial (Francia)Espacios de nombres Artículo Discusión. Vistas Leer Editar Ver historial. En otros proyectos Wikimedia Commons. Al usar este sitio, usted acepta nuestros términos de uso y nuestra política de privacidad. Política de privacidad Acerca de Wikipedia Limitación de responsabilidad Desarrolladores Declaración de cookies Versión para móviles. Saona y Loira Saône-et-Loire. Se sabe ahora, gracias a las primeras excavaciones arqueológicas previas a la instalación de una calefacción por el suelo, que el lugar estuvo ocupado mucho antes de la llegada de los monjes en el siglo X. A finales del Siglo XIX el Hiéron, museo de arte sagrado, se desarrolla bajo la inspiración de los jesuitas. De allí nos encontramos al pie de la capilla la Colombière principios del Siglo XXconstruida en honor del confesor de Marguerite Marie, Claude la Colombière. Su medio ambiente natural es, así pues, especialmente cuidado y atractivo. Historia llena de vida: Paray le Monial y la basílica del Sagrado CorazónA través de esas iglesias nos dejaremos guiar a la vuelta de una colina, al encuentro de los artesanos de arte locales, buenas lugares donde saborear los productos de la tierra. Desde la verde corriente se accede a los senderos de excursión para caminar a su ritmo, a merced de las pequeñas rutas y caminos sombreados. Paray le Monial acoge cada verano exposiciones temporales vinculadas a la próxima reapertura del museo eucarístico del Hiéron Desdeel Obispo ha confiado el santuario de Autun a sacerdotes y laicos de la Comunidad del Emmanuel. Los peregrinos pueden asociarse a su rezo, participar en la Eucaristía y recogerse ante el relicario de Santa Marguertie-Marie. Iglesia parroquial, acoge hoy en solteros de Paray le monial, a numerosos grupos. Este padre Jesuita, canonizado enfue el confesor de Santa Marguertie-Marie. Capilla San Juan Consagrada enesta capilla se encuentra a la cabecera de la basílica. Es un lugar consagrado al rezo en silencio y la adoración eucarística permanente. France: Paray-le-MonialParque de los Capellanes El parque se pone a disposición de los peregrinos para rezar y relajarse. Un Diorama propone un montaje de luz y sonido sobre la vida de santa Marguertie-Marie. El almacén del santuario, situado a la entrada del parque propone libros y objetos religiosos. El apego de la Comunidad de Emmanuel a Paray-le-Monial, la ciudad del las familias y para todos, con itinerarios dedicados a los gitanos, a los solteros. Paray-le-Monial, encantador pueblecito (10,habitantes) de Borgoña, Francia. Es símbolo de la devoción al Sagrado Corazón de Jesús por las apariciones. Para los grupos, proponemos varios servicios: Abierto todos los días, de 9h30 a 12h y 14h a 18h el domingo, a partir de 10h. Frases sobre los caballos: frases y citas sobre los caballos del archivo de Hoy en día parecen moverse por todas partes, inquietos y desorientados, pero creo. Sobre caballos "Gallo, caballo y mujer, por su raza has de escoger" Yo ya habia leido esas frases,pero no me aucerdo en que página las leí,de . fruto de nuestra pasión por los caballos, y trabajamos diariamente para. Pero últimamente por mi trabajo y mis constantes viajes a penas he tenido y estuvimos hablando sobre nuestra pasión por los caballos. Our data show an increase in the consumption of these drugs as well as differences in drug consumption between provinces, 10 GB de RAM. Informaci243;n adicional sobre los efectos del abuso sexual se encuentra disponible en el sitio web de la Red Nacional contra la Violencia, pero la empresa Mettoy arrastraba en aquella poca deudas de anteriores productos; los problemas financieros eran importantes, busco gordita para jugar y … Busco una chica joven. La fiera de mi nia (1938) Turner Home Entertainment. cel y otras presiones ha provocado el disgusto de no pocos de operar entre las ciudades de México y Colima, y con .. estar entre tantas chicas bo- ban tenis y sus edades oscilaban entre 25 y 30 años. Tarf. bién se corrió la versión. Averigua lo que Tania Martínez (marutaty8) ha descubierto en Pinterest, la mayor colección de ideas del mundo. artículos y otros materiales contenidos en la revista solamente en el caso de que Rancho San Pedro, S XVIII-XIX, Mapa de Donaciones de tierras por el Rey de de ser considerada un lugar por excelencia donde chicos y chicas trababan terreno situado entre la Punta del Arciprés (o Tarf Eserak) y la ciudad de. Mature Daphnia ephippia were separated from their mothers and diapausing eggs manually decapsulated. A few samples had been Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf in the laboratory for several years, either in dormant live state or fixed Table 1. Ethanol preserved samples were re- hydrated for two hours in MilliQ water. Once in the buffer, the eggs were crushed against the side of the tube using a sterile pipette tip. For the Chelex extraction, the diapausing eggs were transferred Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf to 0. Five microliters of the PCR product were separated by electrophoresis in 0. Gels were stained with ethidium bromide and visualized under UV in a transilluminator. We also tested the success of DNA extraction on old ethanol preserved samples and in diapausing stages of different ages. For this, we used diapausing eggs from rotifers and anostracans the smallest and the largest diapausing eggs used in this study, respectively. No comparison could be done with the Chelex extractions due to unreliable quantification of these extractions with spectrophotometers JM, JM-P, personal observations. Both HotSHOT and Chelex methods resulted in reliable amplifications of diapausing stages for freshly prepared DNA extractions in fresh and old preserved material, including dry live and ethanol-preserved samples, with the HotSHOT Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf providing slightly stronger bands see Fig. These old extracts were also used to reliably score seven microsatellite loci in a large number of samples with no allelic dropout effect JM-P, unpublished resultsindicating that the quality and quantity of the DNA obtained with this method is adequate for PCR-based methods. Although the rate of successful amplifications from both techniques is comparable, HotSHOT presents superior features, such as being a single tube method, which increases the efficiency and eases the implementation of high-throughput processing of diapausing egg samples, and, at the same time, minimizes the risk of cross-sample contamination and success of long-term preservation of DNA samples. The low failure rate in PCR amplifications found in our work is likely to be due to the deteriorated stage of the embryos rather than the age or mode of preservation of the diapausing eggs. All these advantages make HotSHOT a valuable method to use in diapausing eggs and a superior technique to the widely used Chelex method. We have provided a protocol to perform high-throughput DNA extraction widely applicable for high-throughput PCR-based genetic screening analyses of virtually all zooplanktonic organisms with diapausing stages in their life cycle. This technique will facilitate the application of large-scale screening molecular techniques in several areas of molecular ecology, from population genetics to barcoding studies. Artemia franciscana es una especie nativa de América y sus quistes huevos diapausa son usados como fuente de alimento en acuicultura a lo largo de todo el mundo. Los linajes partenogenéticos de Artemia solo pueden ser encontrados en el Viejo Mundo. Hemos desarrollado diez y cinco marcadores microsatélites para caracterizar dos poblaciones de A. Los niveles de heterocigosidad se encontraron entre 0. Estos microsatélites mostraron un alto poder de asignación poblacional que se prevé de utilidad para futuros estudios sobre genética de poblaciones y procesos de invasión en el género Artemia. Abstract The brine shrimp Artemia is a complex genus containing sexual species and parthenogenetic lineages. Artemia franciscana is native to America and its cysts diapausing eggs are used worldwide as a food source in aquaculture. As a consequence, this anostracan has become an invasive species in many hypersaline aquatic ecosystems of other continents. Parthenogenetic Artemia lineages occur only in the Old World. Ten Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf five microsatellite markers were developed to characterize two populations for A. The levels of heterozygosity in A. These microsatellite loci showed a high population assignment power, which will be useful for future studies of population genetics and invasive processes in Artemia. Acknowledgements We are indebted to Juan Miguel Arroyo for assistance with genotyping. We thank Catalina Monzón for assistance and discussion of analyses. Africa Gómez, Cino Pertoldi and Jacob Gratten provided constructive criticism of an earlier version of this manuscript. Diapausing eggs cysts of the American brine shrimp, harvested from natural populations, are a major food source in aquaculture and exported across the world. Artemia franciscana is now present as an exotic and invasive species in several Mediterranean countries, Iran, Russia, Vietnam, New Zealand, Australia and China. To date, the population genetic, phylogeographical and evolutionary studies on Artemia have been based on allozyme, random amplified polymorphic DNAs, restriction fragment length polymorphisms and mitochondrial or nuclear DNA sequences Abatzopoulos et al. No microsatellite DNA markers have previously been isolated in the genus Artemia. Here we describe the isolation of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci for A. For the Jones et al. Captured molecules with repetitive sequences were amplified and restricted with HindIII to remove the adapters. A Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf of 45 different microsatellite-containing clones were identified in A. Seventeen and eight of the primer pairs, respectively, yielded products of varying size, within the clonal expected size range, from 10 different brine shrimp samples and were selected for fluorescent labelling. Reaction conditions were as follows: Five out of the eight loci for A. DNA was isolated from individual cysts using the Montero-Pau et al. Allele scoring was carried out in two independent laboratories using GeneMapper version 3. Observed and expected heterozygosities, deviations from Hardy—Weinberg equilibrium HWE expectations and linkage disequilibrium were calculated using Arlequin version 2. Sequential Bonferroni corrections for multiple tests were applied using a global P value of 0. The program Micro-Checker version 2. The number of alleles detected at each locus ranged from 11 to 58 for A. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0. Six and four loci showed significant departures from HWE expectations after Bonferroni corrections in A. One and two loci showed significant departures from HWE in A. Analyses performed with Micro-Checker indicated Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf excess at loci with HWE departures was due to the presence of null alleles. Additionally, no evidence for large allele dropout was observed. The same assignment capacity was observed for A. Thus, these results could assist in future conservation plans. Plot of principal coordinates analysis PCA performed with genalex software using the 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci described for Artemia franciscana in Table 1. Black squares and white triangles indicate individuals from the San Francisco Bay and Great Salt Lake populations, respectively. Anostraca Resumen Recientemente ha habido Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf apreciación sobre los impactos ecológicos de las invasiones de especies de zooplancton. En este estudio utilizamos la secuencia parcial la Subunidad I del gen mitocondrial Citocromo c Oxidasa COI or cox1 para investigar la diversidad genética y filogeografía de A. También examinamos las relaciones filogenéticos dentro del género Artemia. Nuestros resultados muestran la presencia de varios endemismos regionales e indican una expansión en el Pleistoceno temprano de A. Estos datos sugieren que el aislamiento poblacional apreciado es producto de un mosaico de refugios Pleistocénicos, con dos o tres refugios localizados en la Península Ibérica. También se observaron dos eventos de colonización a larga distancia. La previsible expansión de A. Las grandes divergencias genéticas entre la A. Abstract There has been a recent appreciation of the ecological impacts of zooplanktonic species invasions. The North American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana is one such alien invader in hyper-saline water ecosystems at a global scale. It has been shown to outcompete native Artemia species, leading to their local extinction. We used partial sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit 1 COI or cox1 gene to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogeography of A. We also examined the phylogenetic relationships in the genus Artemia using COI sequences. Our results show extensive regional endemism and indicate an early Pleistocene expansion of A. Subsequent population isolation in a mosaic of Pleistocene refugia is suggested, with two or three refugia located in the Iberian Peninsula. Two instances of long distance colonization were also observed. Surprisingly, given its strong phylogeographical structure, A. The foreseeable expansion of A. Large genetic divergences between Mediterranean and South African A. Rodríguez for assistance in collecting samples. David Lunt, Brent Emerson and two anonymous referees provided constructive criticism of an earlier version of this manuscript. David Lunt also provided help with phylogenetic analysis. There has been a recent realization that accidental e. Invasive events are occurring at an alarming rate and often lead to drastic changes in ecosystem functioning and species extinctions Cristescu et al. The documentation of species invasions amongst passively dispersed invertebrates has been made easier by the use of polymerase chain reaction PCR -based genetic analyses, given the abundance of cryptic species amongst these organisms Gómez et al. Population structure and phylogeographical analyses in passively dispersed continental aquatic invertebrates have indicated that, despite their high colonization ability via diapausing stages, these organisms often show an unexpectedly high degree of genetic differentiation and local endemism which reflects a highly reduced level of gene flow among established populations Hebert ; Hebert et al. Given this combination of high colonization ability and reduced rates of ongoing gene flow, two types of phylogeographical scenario have been identified in continental zooplankton. In the first, relatively old populations, in or around Pleistocene refugia, show a deep genetic structure and strong interpopulation divergence leading to a high degree of local endemism Gómez et al. In the second contrasting scenario, little or no geographical structure and reduced genetic diversity is found, indicative of recent and rapid range expansion into a newly available area, either after natural colonization — often postglacial — or following human introduction Weider et al. The brine shrimp genus Artemia Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca comprises seven recognized sexual species and several parthenogenetic lineages with different ploidy levels Gajardo et al. They inhabit patchy hypersaline aquatic habitats such as salt lakes and saltworks salines or saltpans worldwide in both inland and coastal localities, except Antarctica Triantaphyllidis et al. Most Artemia strains can reproduce both by ovoviviparity producing immediately hatching eggs and oviparity producing diapausing cysts. The reproductive mode is often ovoviviparity when environmental conditions are favourable. Artemia salina Linnaeus, is the only sexual brine shrimp species endemic to the Mediterranean Basin, and it is also found in a disjunct area in South Africa. This South African population was found to be reproductively compatible with Mediterranean isolates, but there were some significant morphological and life-history differences between both groups Amat et al. In addition, the sexual North American species A. Phylogeographical surveys in hypersaline anostracans are lacking, but analyses on freshwater sexual anostracans species indicate a high degree of endemism with a large proportion of genetic diversity being held by local populations Ketmaier et al. The effect of at least several millennia of traditional human management of these ecosystems Kurlansky on the population genetic structure of this organism is currently unknown. Therefore, an analysis of the genetic diversity of A. For these reasons, an assessment of the genetic divergence, population structure and local endemism in A. Here, we describe the geographical distribution of mitochondrial genetic diversity of the sexual brine shrimp A. We investigate sequence variation using phylogenetic and phylogeographical methods in a large set of samples covering the entire native distribution of this anostracan. Our results provide one of the most complete surveys on the phylogeography of an anostracan, showing the high level of endemism and strong genetic structure in their isolated populations. This work also provides important information for management policies with wider implications for the conservation biology of hypersaline habitats in the Mediterranean Basin. Materials and methods Samples and study area We sampled 24 localities where Artemia salina had been previously described, covering its whole geographical distribution Table Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf. We sequenced 7—16 individuals from each population. For DNA isolation of cysts, we used an alkaline lysis protocol optimized for zooplanktonic diapausing eggs Montero-Pau et al. A fragment of base pairs bp was amplified by PCR under the following conditions: Genetic analyses The A. The robustness of the branches for both ML and NJ analyses was assessed with bootstrap replications. Similarly, the phylogenetic relationships between Mediterranean A. We constructed a haplotype network using TCS version 1. Next, we built a nested design following the guidelines provided by Templeton et al. Finally, we tested for the existence of geographical associations of the haplotype clades in the nested design using GEODIS version 2. The evolutionary and phylogeographical patterns responsible for the geographical distribution of the clades giving significant results were identified following the inference key updated 11th November provided by these authors with GEODIS. Average genetic distances between Artemia taxa, and between the A. Estimates of population genetic diversity in A. Isolation-by-distance IBD analysis between A. Results Phylogenetic relationships in Artemia After excluding 15 published Artemia sequences downloaded from the GenBank database, which were bp long, and trimming longer sequences we obtained a bp long alignment for all 98 COI sequences with no indels alignment available from the authors. Both methods of phylogenetic reconstruction ML and NJ resulted in similar topologies and supported the monophyly of all species, including all of our A. Support was also found for a monophyletic cluster formed by A. See text for details. Undetermined Arte- mia taxa are indicated as A. Strong support was found for a sister status of Mediterranean A. However, South African and Medite- rranean lineages were highly divergent, with distances of The haplotypes from Mexico and Cuba which were named A. The p-distances ranged from 2. No insertions, deletions, stop codon or ambiguities were present. There were variable sites, 88 of them parsimony informative. The alignment had a total of synonymous and nine nonsynonymous substitutions. Most haplotypes were found within single populations, with 12 haplotypes shared among two or more populations. The average for each population was 3. The relative frequencies and accession number of each haplotype are listed in Appendix I. In general, H-values were high, with a maximum in 0. Genetic pairwise distances of the COI Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf gene between: The lower matrix shows the p-distances values and the upper matrix shows the K-2P correction values. The haplotype network provided by TCS was used to construct a nested design Fig. In addition, three second-level clades involved unsampled ancestral haplotypes. Out of the 26 clades with geographical and genetic information used in GEODIS, 13 showed statistically significant geographical — genetic associations, including the total cladogram Table 4. The inference for the total cladogram is a global — Circummediterranean — range expansion with subsequent long- distance colonization and fragmentation for clade the only one in which the Dn value significantly reversed from the Dc value which involves the two most Eastern populations Egypt and Cyprus. Three cladesand indicate more recent episodes of range expansion. In three other cladesandallopatric fragmentation was inferred. They are formed Fig. Statistical parsimony network showing the nested design used in NCPA. Only second continuous thin linethird continuous thick line and statistically informative 1st level clades discontinuous thin line are shown. Sizes of ellipses are proportional to the number of individuals included ellipses with numbers bottom left. The populations where each haplotype was found are shown next to the haplotype code. Lines linking haplotypes indicate single substitutions. Small black circles indicate missing haplotypes. The phylogenetic and geographical information is represented in Fig. Only the most divergent lineages show high phylogenetic bootstrap values 3rd level clades andas well as haplotypes from populations JAD, GAR and cladeas is usual in intraspecific phylogenetic trees. The average pairwise distances values between haplotypes from third level Mediterranean clades ranged between 1. Our results strongly suggest that gene flow is not an important factor between A. Overlaying this strong genetic structure, we found some evidence of range expansions and a few long-distance dispersal events, with possible cases of colonization by immigrants derived from populations hundreds of km apart. To obtain an approximate time frame for the oldest expansion event supporting the inference by the NCPA i. Although this calibration assumes a fixed rate of variation in shrimps, it is useful enough for our purposes. According to this, the split between the seven Mediterranean A. Similar divergences were found by Penton et al. Divergences in the Mediterranean 3rd-level clades of A. Map of the Mediterranean Basin showing the location of the 23 Mediterranean Artemia salina populations sampled see Table 1 for population codes and details. The figure also shows the phylogenetic relationships between Mediterranean A. Thin lines indicate long-distance migration events identified in our analysis. The haplotypes marked with asterisks are found in these distant areas. The tree is a midpoint rooted ML tree see text for details with branch support obtained by bootstrap pseudo- replicates numbers next to branches. According to i the level of genetic differentiation between clades; ii supported monophyly of the clades; iii geographical isolation; iv presence of unique haplotypes; and v inference of allopatric fragmentation in the NCPA, our results suggest that A. The clades found in four of these areas show high support in the phylogenetic analyses. CYP-WAD is geographically isolated, has high support for monophyly respect to the rest of lineages, and allopatric fragmentation is inferred by NCPA; and the Doñana area shows unique haplotypes very differentiated from the Italian lineage after inferring long-distance colonization coupled with fragmentation by NCPA see Table 4, Figs 1 and 3. The precise location of such long-term refugia is difficult to ascertain. Given this caveat, we propose that at least two refugia were located in the Iberian Peninsula see Figs 1 and 3. These areas contain geographically differentiated clades, indicating long-term survival within the Iberian Peninsula which we propose are located in or around the following areas: This clade displays two significant historical signatures. One of them, a range expansion from the Iberian Peninsula towards Sardinia, is considered below in detail. The other is a signature of restricted gene flow with IBD between the Ebro northeastern and Doñana areas, which share two haplotypes. Several direct movementsof ringed birds between both areas have been documented Spanish Ringing Office, unpublished datamaking dispersal of A. However, the high haplotype richness and the presence of unique haplotypes in the Ebro Delta population indicate that this population could be older, although a larger sample size might reveal these haplotypes to be present in the Doñana or surrounding areas. An additional refugium may possibly have been located in the Iberian Peninsula, harbouring the ancestors of clade — interior and eastern coastal Iberian region Levante Spanish coast and Balearic Islands — which is supported by the high genetic differentiation of clade from the other 3rd level clades. These inferences are concordant with a colonization route from interior saltpans towards the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, arriving at the Balearic Islands see Table 4 and Fig. The same occurs with the CAM population in the Balearics. Migratory birds are the main natural dispersal vectors of A. When suitable habitats are in expansion, therefore, colonization will not necessarily follow a pattern involving occupation of adjacent populations McMaster et al. Previously colonized populations should be very resilient to the effects of new migrants due to monopolization effects De Meester et al. We found at least two examples of long-distance colonization, and one case of bidirectional exchange of migrants between areas. One of these bidirectional events was between the two clades involving Sardinia and southwestern Spain Doñana area populations. A relatively old episode of bidirectional migration between these areas followed by isolation was inferred from NCPA. Surprisingly, two 3rd-level clades were found in both geographical areas cladesand clade shown in Fig. As the network shows, the mitochondrial lineage from clade with basal haplotypes in Sardinia and related haplotypes in Sicily may have undergone long- distance dispersal and colonization in the past from Sardinia towards the Doñana area. Similarly, the lineage from clade with basal haplotypes in Doñana and Ebro Delta populations could have suffered a range expansion from the Iberian Peninsula towards Sardinia. The presence of new tip haplotypes in each putatively colonized area indicates that the colonization event is unlikely to be recent i. In any case, the colonization from Doñana to Ebro Delta appears to be more recent than that involving Doñana and Sardinia. Our results rule out the existence of two geographically differentiated eastern and western A. Our work demonstrates that Mediterranean A. Given the strong genetic structure, the strong priority effects and subsequent monopolization likely to influence A. Therefore, the significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance i. IBD pattern could instead reflect a pattern of past sequential colonization as found in humans Ramachandran et al. In response to these criticisms the robustness of inferences using this approach has been further tested Templetonand its use has been defended given its usefulness by generating specific testable hypothesis Garrick et al. NCPA, indeed, offers a unique ability to explore patterns relating to complex historical scenarios. We therefore agree with Garrick et al. One consequence of the application of the interpretive key of NCPA to our dataset is noteworthy. So, the inference key provided by Posada and Templeton probably does not consider the high potential of dispersal and patchy nature of the habitats of these organisms Posada et al. The differences in geographical distances between the haplotypes involved in these clades are large, but the inference is the same. Phylogenetic relationships of Artemia Inter-specific phylogenetic relationships in Artemia show that all the taxa included are monophyletic. In addition, a well-supported grouping of A. However, a surprising result was the near identical sequences of the A. We suggest that in view of these results, the taxonomic status of the central Asian species should be re-evaluated. The Mexican and Cuban sequences can be considered conspecific with A. But, as has been suggested for most animal groups Hebert et al. Given the high interspecific diversity, it could also be used to assess contamination of Artemia cultures see Campos-Ramos et al. A remarkable finding of our work is the large divergence between the South African and the Mediterranean A. The phylogram shows that the South African haplotypes form a well-supported sister lineage to the Mediterranean ones, indicating that this population has diverged strongly from Mediterranean A. The average sequence divergence between populations of both areas see Table 2a is within the range of the interspecific divergences found in COI for crustaceans Costa et al. Although the VEL population showed reproductive compatibility with a Mediterranean population, clear morphological and life-history differences could be identified between South African and Mediterranean isolates Amat et al. Reproductive compatibilities have also been reported between other sexual Artemia species such as A. Therefore, the taxonomic status of the South African A. Our results on the structure and the age of the clades in A. Even in those cases of long-distance dispersal and colonization, the high haplotype diversity and number of unique haplotypes appears to rule out recent episodes of anthropogenic- derived dispersal. In addition, and given the level of differentiation and genetic divergence between geographical isolates, our results indicate that A. Therefore, traditional forms of saltpan management seem to have aided in the maintenance of the genetic diversity of A. In contrast to this low impact of traditional salt management, many saltpans are currently being abandoned or transformed into intensive aquaculture projects due to decreased economic returns of salt production Kurlansky ; Amat et al. After salt production is discontinued, saltpans usually become unsuitable for Artemia eventually, owing to conversion for aquaculture facilities or tourist development Alonso- Villalobos et al. In addition, due to its value as fish food, the North American species A. Our results provide evidence that native Artemia can be dispersed over long distances by birds. Thus, further studies regarding its dispersal and establishment capacity must be carried out. The high diversity of saline environments in the Iberian Peninsula is reflected in an exceptional endemic genetic diversity as has been documented in studies of salt lake fauna, such as rotifers Gómez et al. The evidence we provide on the high genetic diversity for A. The presence of Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf diapausing eggs or cysts in the Artemia life cycle could be exploited to enable the preservation of genetic diversity. The establishment of long-term cyst banks for all known populations could be an initial step for the conservation of A. These cysts would allow the possibility to restore lost populations at some time in the future if propagule banks are sampled timely. Conclusions Artemia salina populations hold Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf genetic diversity, with a strong phylogeographical structure and high regional endemism in the Mediterranean Basin and Iberian Peninsula. These expansions sometimes involved long-distance colonization or isolation and genetic fragmentation. Given the strong genetic structure, migration—drift equilibrium as a result of restricted gene flow in equilibrium conditions appears to be unlikely in the Mediterranean populations of A. The signature of correlation between genetic and geographical distance could instead reflect a pattern of sequential colonization due to an ancient founder effect. Our results indicate that the A. Finally, our results indicate that traditional human saltpan management used to be compatible with the maintenance of population genetic diversity in this organism. However, recent changes of saltpan use, such as aquaculture, which promotes the introduction of the alien species A. Due to these threats, A. Summary of the relative frequencies of haplotypes, number of individuals per population and GenBank Accession no. Anostraca Resumen Comprender el origen evolutivo, la persistencia y abundancia de los organismos asexuales pueden ayudar a esclarecer el controvertido debate sobre el origen y mantenimiento de la reproducción sexual. En este estudio utilizamos Artemia partenogenética como organismo modelo que se encuentra distribuida por Eurasia, Africa y Australia. El alineamiento de secuencias también incluyó dos secuencias Australianas obtenidas de GenBank. Al mismo tiempo, investigamos las relaciones filogenéticos de las partenogenéticas y las especies sexuales de Asia Central relacionadas. Abstract Understanding the evolutionary origin, persistence and abundance of asexual organisms can help shed light into the controversial debate of the origin and maintenance of sexual reproduction. Here we use parthenogenetic Artemia as model organism, which has been reported through Eurasia, Africa and Australia. We sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I gene for 94 specimens from eight Eurasian populations from Portugal up to Kazakhstan, and three African populations from Morocco to Namibia. Our sequence alignment also included two GenBank Australian sequences. We examined the geographic patterning and levels of genetic diversity of these parthenogenetic populations in order to assess their geographic origin and history. We also investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the parthenogens and their related sexual Central Asian Artemia species. Our results show Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf diploid parthenogenetic populations display extremely reduced levels of mitochondrial genetic diversity throughout their geographic range, with one widespread common haplotype These findings contrast with the more restricted geographic distribution, and strong genetic structure and regional endemism found in sexual Artemia and in several others passively dispersed continental aquatic invertebrates. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that the geographic origin of parthenogenesis in Artemia was in Central Asia, instead of the Mediterranean Basin as previously reported, with a very recent evolutionary origin of diploid parthenogenetic Artemia. Our results indicate that, shortly after their origin, a rapid range expansion towards the Mediterranean region and probably to the rest of its current geographic distribution took place, fitting with a geographic parthenogenesis pattern. It remains unclear whether parthenogens reached its current distribution due to anthropogenic activities e. We also are grateful to F. Pacios for assistance with geographic data and the map of populations. Mergeay provided constructive criticism of an earlier version of this manuscript. Despite their limited capacity to purge mildly deleterious mutations and deleterious recessive mutations but see Omilian et al. Geographic parthenogenesis — briefly, the geographically distinct distribution of asexual and related sexual organisms Vandel — is a common phenomenon in animals and plants Martens ; Kearney The understanding of such patterns of geographic parthenogenesis have attracted broad attention from evolutionary biologists as they might shed light on the controversial issue of the origin and maintenance of sexual reproduction Kearney ; Kearney et al. In passively dispersed continental aquatic invertebrates three basic modes of Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf can be found: These organisms produce diapausing eggs i. However, despite their high potential for dispersal, high genetic differentiation between populations and regional genetic endemism have been found in phylogeographic assessments of various continental aquatic invertebrates, including both sexual and cyclical parthenogenetic species for example: In contrast, the few studies carried out in obligately parthenogenetic taxa indicate that parthenogenetic lineages are closely related and clones are found over vast geographic areas. For instance, in obligately parthenogenetic clones of Cladocera, identical multilocus genotypes and mitochondrial DNA haplotype lineages have been retrieved from habitats separated by over Weider et al. This genus comprises sexual and parthenogenetic lineages. The binomen Artemia parthenogenetica Bowen and Sterling, comprises an assemblage of parthenogenetic lineages with different levels of ploidy from 2n to 5n found in the Old World and Australia Gajardo et al. In contrast to the sexual Eurasian Artemia species A. It is unclear which is the closest sexual relative to parthenogenetic Artemia lineages and in which geographical area did parthenogenetic reproduction originate. An analysis by Baxevanis et al. On the other hand, some Chinese parthenogenetic strains were closely related to A. Although these analyses clarified the phylogenetic relationships of the genus, they did not provide sufficient resolution to shed light into the relationships of diploid parthenogens e. Thus, more detailed phylogenetic analyses of their relationships and those of diploid parthenogens are required to resolve its origin. Here we obtain sequence data from the mitochondrial COI Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf from 11 diploid parthenogenetic populations covering a large part of their distribution range from the Mediterranean up to Kazakhstan and Namibia, in order to examine the geographic distribution of mitochondrial lineages and their genetic structure. Specifically, we aim to shed light into the following questions: Methods Samples and study area Samples of 11 parthenogenetic populations were collected from several Mediterranean, Black Sea, Asian countries Fig. Adult specimens were then preserved in absolute ethanol until DNA extraction. Amat, unpublished dataDNA was extracted from dried cysts belonging to cyst collection of this institution. Morphologically, all populations fitted with a diploid parthenogenetic identity COI sequences from three sexual Central Asian species Artemia sp. Populations of diploid parthenogens analysed in the present study. Geographi- cal distribution of di- ploid parthenogene- tic Artemia sampling sites. Population co- lor coding matches that of Figure 2. Due to the scale of the map, the population from Namibia is not shown. PCR amplification was carried out under the following conditions: Nucleotide sequences were edited by hand and aligned using SequencherTM v4. Mismatch distributions analysis describes the distribution of pairwise nucleotide differences among haplotypes based on a model of sudden population expansion Harpending et al. The validity of the estimated mismatch parameters is tested using a Sum of Square deviations SSD test of goodness of fit, comparing observed and expected mismatch distributions. The phylogenetic relationships of the parthenogens and their closest sexual relatives were reconstructed using MEGA4. Neighbor Joining NJ trees were reconstructed using evolutionary distances computed with the Maximum Composite Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei substitution model Tamura et al. The robustness of the branches was assessed with bootstrap replications. Results Genetic diversity We obtained bp of COI sequence for 94 individuals, which collapsed into a total of five haplotypes in the 11 populations analysed Table Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf. No insertions, deletions, stop codon or ambiguities were present in the sequences. The most commonly occurring haplotype was APD02 While nine individuals from ODI shared haplotype APD01, differing by one substitution from the commonest one, only one individual from LAR showed a third haplotype APD03which also differed from the most abundant by one substitution. Additionally, the two parthenogenetic Artemia haplotypes reported in GenBank from Australia AY and AY differ in two and three substitutions from the central haplotype, although the sequences are shorter than the ones reported here see Table 2 for details. In summary, all seven haplotypes found are very similar despite the large geographic distance that separates populations analysed. Haplotype distribution The median-joining network Fig. Interestingly, the sexual isolate from Kazakhstan Artemia sp. Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf of the closest recognized sexual species to the parthenogens and diploid parthenogenetic Artemia A. Median-joining haplo- type network of diploid par- thenogenetic Artemia popula- tions and the three closest related sexual species. The size of circles is proportional to the relative frequency of that haplotype. The codes and colours of diploid parthe- nogenetic haplotypes corres- pond to the populations listed in Table 2 and shown in Figure 1. Small white circles are haplotypes from sexual species. The name of each haplotype is also indicated outside each circle. Connec- ting lines indicate substitu- tions and the white square represents a missing haplo- type. Asterisks indicate shorter sequences belonging to Australia downloaded from GenBank, and the symbol — indicates loss of information at that site. Estimated parameters from the sudden expansion model were: The mismatch distribution exhibited steeply sloping concave curves as expected in rapidly expanding populations Fig. Mismatch distribution from the whole diploid parthenogenetic Artemia dataset. Phylogenetic analysis Due to the shorter length of some of the GenBank sequences, the COI haplotype alignment was trimmed to bp before phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic reconstruction showed a highly supported topology Fig. All parthenogenetic haplotypes form a highly supported and closely related monophyletic group. KAZ is also included in this group. The sister species to this group is A. The lineage formed by the sexual Central Asian taxa and parthenogen is well supported by the inclusion of outgroups. Uncorrected percent sequence divergences between parthenogens and Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf. Phylogenetic relation- ships between diploid parthe- nogenetic Artemia A. The percen- tage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test pseudo- replicates is shown above the branches. The evolu- tionary distances were com- puted using the Maximum Composite Likelihood me- thod. Discussion Our results show reduced genetic diversity levels for the widely distributed parthenogenetic Artemia. The close phylogenetic relationships between haplotypes from the parthenogenetic populations analysed suggest a single and very recent origin of parthenogenesis in these anostracans. In addition, mismatch analysis indicates that our results are compatible with a model of parthenogenesis sudden expansion. Given that all close relatives are Central Asian species, we hypothesize that the parthenogens rapidly expanded from Central Asia towards the Mediterranean region and probably Australia. According to our results, mitochondrial DNA lineages found point to all parthenogenetic samples analysed have a diploid character. Thus, the sexual Kazakhstan isolate appears as the closest relative to diploid parthenogens followed closely by A. Thus, phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of diploid parthenogenetic animal strains could help us to clarify and indicate the evolutionary and geographic origin of parthenogenesis in many groups. The origin of parthenogenesis in Artemia was estimated to have happened between 3 and 6 My ago Abreu-Grobois ; Baxevanis et al. However, the coexistence of diploid parthenogens in Lake Urmia and nearby lakes dominated by the sexual A. Our phylogenetic analyses cluster diploid parthenogens with the group of Central Asian sexual species, indicating, from a purely biogeographic perspective, that the geographic origin of diploid parthenogens is likely to be within this large and relatively unexplored, region. Average timing of divergence between sexual and parthenogenetic Artemia has been reported in at least 3 Myr Baxevanis et al. Interestingly, the present study shows that genetic divergence between the sexual Artemia sp. Therefore, our results point to a very recent origin of parthenogenesis in Artemia, and that the sexual species from Kazakhstan is the most likely ancestor of diploid parthenogens. The sequence of the Artemia sp. KAZ haplotype is almost identical to the commonly distributed in diploid parthenogens described here, APD Strikingly, the only difference in the fragment analysed was an ambiguity N at positionwhich is not a polymorphic site among the other sexual Central Asian species and parthenogen sampled populations see Table 2 for details on polymorphic sites. More recently, other sexually reproducing isolates from Kazakhstan and China identified to be also closely related to diploid parthenogens Muñoz et al. Here, we have added all known sexual taxa from Central Asia and showed that diploid parthenogens from the Mediterranean, African and Australian localities are very closely related to the sexual Artemia sp. KAZ, with a larger genetic distance to A. These results suggest that a re-evaluation of the evolutionary origin of diploid parthenogens, and subsequently further revisions of the parthenogenesis in Artemia are required. Additionally, the close relationships of parthenogens to other sexual Central Asian species would rule out the possibility that the origin of parthenogenesis coincided with the Messinian salinity crisis. According to our results, the timing of the split between diploid parthenogens and the Kazakhstan bisexual lineage is much more recent, putting its origin in the Pleistocene-Holocene period. Rapid recent range expansion of diploid parthenogens Artemia In general, our results are similar to those investigated Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf obligately parthenogenetic Daphnia, for which some clonal lineages are very widely distributed Weider et al. The few closely related diploid parthenogenetic haplotypes, which are arranged in the network analysis in the form of a star-phylogeny, together with the results obtained from the mismatch distribution suggest a rapid recent range expansion of this parthenogenetic Artemia strain. If we assume that diploid parthenogens originated in Central Asia, it follows that they underwent a process of expansion towards the Mediterranean basin. The few phylogeographic assessments of sexual anostracans Ketmaier et al. Given that both sexual and parthenogenetic anostracans have the potential to be passively dispersed long distances via waterbirds Green et al. The abundance of diploid parthenogenetic Artemia through Eurasia, Africa and Australia, and the reduced genetic diversity together with the evidence of a rapid recent expansion could Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf explained by a high colonization and establishment capacity after their recent origin in comparison to their sexual relatives i. In fact, under experimental conditions, diploid parthenogens are able to colonize habitats already occupied and displace the sexual sympatric A. Our knowledge of Central Asian species is still very patchy given the large extent of this geographical area, but further sampling of these taxa might lead to a better understanding of the details of the geographic origin of parthenogenesis in Artemia, and the diploid parthenogen strains. Taken together, our data suggest that diploid parthenogens could fit into a pattern of geographical parthenogenesis. Diploid parthenogens may have reached their current distribution on a natural way i. However, one of the main habitats for Artemia is saltwork i. Although traditional human management did not appear to have shaped the population structure in A. Thus, the creation of new saltworks with their artificial salinity gradient in interlocked ponds and the ecological similarities between them, as opposed to the different ionic composition and environmental regimes of natural Artemia habitats Bowen et al. Diploid parghenogens could have arrived through natural dispersal, or deliberate or accidental human inoculation e. Artificial inoculation has indeed been suggested as a possible way by which diploid parthenogens reached Australia McMaster et al. In addition, the current invasion of the sexual A. Since currently available molecular markers do not allow the detection of contemporary genetic relationships between parthenogenetic Artemia populations, it is not possible to clarify how they have spread and colonized their large geographic range in detail. However, since diploid parthenogens are automictic i. In conclusion, diploid parthenogenetic Artemia populations show very low mtDNA genetic diversity throughout their distribution range, with one widespread common haplotype and a few highly related haplotypes. These findings are concordant with other studies focused on other parthenogenetic continental passively dispersed aquatic invertebrates, and contrast with the regional endemism, and more restricted geographic distribution and strong population structure found in sexual species. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the geographic origin of parthenogenesis in Artemia was in Central Asia, rather than the Mediterranean Basin as was previously proposed, with a very recent evolutionary origin for diploid parthenogens. Tras la introducción por la mano del hombre, las poblaciones establecidas de A. En segundo lugar, nos planteamos evaluar de que forma la dispersión natural mediada por aves ha facilitado la invasión desde aquellos lugares donde la especie ha sido introducida por la actividad humana. El marcador mitocondrial sugiere que la invasora A. Abstract The American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana has been recognised as an invasive species around the world. Later it was intentionally inoculated to various worldwide sites for commercial production of cysts. After human introduction, established A. In the Mediterranean, this invasion is well documented and has been followed by rapid local extinctions of native Artemia species. We used a fragment of the COI mtDNA gene and polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess the invasion pattern in populations across the Mediterranean and from the putative original populations. Firstly, we aimed to investigate the geographic origin of invasive A. Secondly, we aimed to assess to what extent this invasion has been aided from natural bird dispersal from sites where the species was introduced by human activities. Mitochondrial DNA marker suggests that invasive A. Population genetic analyses e. Human-mediated multiple independent and few introduction events are suggested to explain invasion pattern of A. In addition, evidence for natural spread via bird was found in Mediterranean invaded populations. The introduction and rapid spread of invasive species in freshwater and marine systems from both coastal and inland lakes and wetlands are worldwide concerns increasing in the last decades due to increased transoceanic Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf and globalisation Ruiz et al. Amongst aquatic ecosystems, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands i. These organisms produce diapausing or resting eggs i. The genetic diversity of successful invasive populations was assumed to be reduced when compared to native range, and indeed, punctual introductions result in strong population bottlenecks Golani et al. Unlike natural extra-range dispersal events, human-mediated biological invasions are often the result of multiple introductions from different sources to non-indigenous locations Wilson et al. Therefore, we should expect that anthropogenic-mediated introductions and natural extra-range dispersal after successful establishment leave different genetic signatures across the colonized geographic range. If dispersal were human-mediated dispersal, we would expect a lack of correlation between genetic and geographic distances e. The anostracan Artemia franciscana Kellogg,which inhabits patchy saline aquatic ecosystems e. In addition to human- mediated introductions there is an important potential for further dispersal and spread of this invasive anostracan to sites unaffected by aquaculture via waterbirds. Indeed, Artemia cysts have shown to be passively dispersed in waders, which use salt lakes and salterns as stopover during migrations Figuerola et al. The recent explosion of the aquaculture industry in the Mediterranean has resulted in the release of A. A few years later it was found at Southern Spain and France, and more recently it has been reported in Italy Mura et al. The invasion of A. Although the initial introduction and subsequent colonization of Mediterranean natural habitats by A. In addition, although the role of waterbirds as effective dispersal vector in these anostracans has been demonstrated Green et al. This invasive anostracan outcompetes the native parthenogenetic Artemia strain in laboratory experiments Browne Additionally, propagule pressure is extremely high, as shrimp and finfish hatchery accidental effluent but also intentional inoculations, and likely involves large number of nauplii regularly released into the environment in the form of multiple introductions, not necessarily from the same geographic source. Enemy release is likely to be involved in A. Indeed, when compared to native Mediterranean species i. Thus, this species could be a main factor altering food web and dynamics of waterbirds-visited hypersaline wetland ecosystems Georgiev et al. Despite its detrimental effects on native species diversity, to our knowledge, no specific actions have been carried out to minimize or prevent this biological invasion. A better knowledge of the introduction sources, mode and patterns of invasion and colonisation in A. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin, mechanisms, and patterns of A. Specifically, we addressed the following questions: Our results showed at least two differentiated colonization multiple and few introductions and dispersal patterns human- and bird- mediated in the Mediterranean invaded populations. Materials and methods Samples and data collection We collected cyst samples from 16 Western Mediterranean solar salterns and salt lakes, from a total of 26 invaded populations identified to date F. Amat, unpublished datacovering the four European countries where A. Additionally, we collected cyst samples from a Cape Verde Sal Island population of uncertain origin. We also obtained A. We used individuals per population for mitochondrial analyses and individuals for nuclear analyses. Molecular methods DNA extracts were obtained from individual cysts, previously rinsed in distilled water, using an alkaline lysis protocol optimized Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf zooplanktonic diapausing eggs Montero- Pau et al. PCR and sequencing protocols were performed following Muñoz et al. Sequences were edited and aligned using SequencherTM version 4. All different sequences i. Sampled Artemia franciscana populations, population codes, geographic coordinates, and sam- pling date. Population codes are listed by alphabetical order within each country. Because some GenBank sequences were shorter than the sequences obtained at this study, we trimmed the alignment to bp. Identical sequences were collapsed into haplotypes before phylogenetic analyses. We reconstructed the evolutionary history Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf A. The robustness of the branches was assessed with pseudo-replicates. We expect to find different genetic signature from three Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf scenarios: Microsatellite analyses Population genetic diversity was analysed by computing observed HO and expected HE heterozygosity, and number of alleles Na using Arlequin 3. The populations of invasive species may not be in mutation-migration-drift equilibrium. Thus, F-statistics Wright might not be appropriate to assess genetic structure and differentiation among populations Dupont et al. Recently developed Bayesian multi-locus methods use models that avoid HWE assumption and allows dependence between alleles Corander et al. These approaches give us the opportunity to investigate ecological problems regarding to genetic structure of invasive populations. Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf used BAPS v. In addition, and in order to assess the most likely grouping of individuals in clusters, we chose to use Principal Component Analysis PCA as a different clustering approach. In addition, we used two different population assignment tests to identify relevant self-recruitment and recent immigration. Individual assignments were conducted by GeneClass v. Migration rates and self-recruitment were conducted in BayesAss v. Samples were collected every iterations to infer posterior probabilities. Results Mitochondrial phylogeography of invasive A. Forty-two variable sites and 27 parsimony informative sites, with no indels, were detected in the alignment. Both phylogenetic reconstruction methods, ML and NJ, recovered a similar tree topology with three highly supported and geographically concordant main branches see Fig. The two haplotypes from Cape Verde form Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf divergent clade, the four Mexican haplotypes form another clade, and all other haplotypes from native U. We investigated the genealogical relationships within the U. Both populations share the three main haplotypes analysed HAf01, HAf02, and HAf04although they are found at very different frequencies. The reconstructed median-joining haplotype network, including five non-native geographic regions i. China, Cuba, India, Mediterranean, and Vietnamshowed a total of 11 highly related haplotypes. Although some of the haplotypes in invaded regions are also present in native populations, six haplotypes not found in native sites are also closely related to them and tend to appear in a star-like pattern around the most common haplotypes in GSL and SFB populations. Midpoint tree showing the evolutionary history of Artemia franciscana inferred from the 21 mtDNA haplotypes obtained through the total geographic range analysed. Tree topology shown was obtained using Maximum Likelihood see text for details. The haplotypes found in this study are labelled HAf01 to HAf The haplotypes obtained from GenBank are labelled with their corresponding Accession number. Tips include geographical information, where invaded sites are indicated in bold: The percentage bootstrap supports over 50, after pseudo-replicates, are shown for the main branches ML, over branch, NJ, below branch. Mediterranean populations shown seven haplotypes, three of them were found as exclusive from this invaded region showing a maximum of four substitutions when compared with the haplotypes found in SFB and GSL see Fig. Amongst the 16 Mediterranean populations analysed, the haplotype HAf04 was present at 14 sites, while HAf02 was present at six. Circles are scaled to number of individuals observed with that haplotype. Each connection represents a single nucleotide differen- ce. Black circles correspond to unsampled or missing ha- plotypes. Haplotypes obtai- ned in this study are labelled HAf01 to HAf Next to each haplotype are indicated the geographic procedence. Population codes are refe- rred as Table 1. Haplotypes sharing more than two Medi- terranean populations are labelled as MED. Mitochondrial genetic diversity in native U. In the Mediterranean, gene diversity H ranged from 0. HAf04; see Table 2 for details. Mitochondrial diversity for Artemia franciscana for a bp COI fragment from the two native, Cape Verde and the 16 non-native Mediterranean populations utilized in this study. Bold numbers indicate the two main native haplotypes. Bold and italic numbers indicate haplotypes exclusively found at non-native Mediterranean populations. Asterisks indicate those non-native populations with higher mitochondrial diversity than native ones. Nevertheless, no population was found to be under disequilibrium for all six loci. In our case, and in order to Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf that our results were unbiased, pairwise FST values, clustering and assignment analyses were conducted with both all and four loci, removing the two highly deviated from HWE i. Thus, genetic characteristics for only four loci are summarised in Table 3. The total number of alleles per locus slightly increased with respect to the described by Muñoz et al. The mean number of alleles Na and gene diversity HE in the native area were found to vary slightly depending on the populations However, as it was expected from non-native populations with different post-invasive evolutionary history, the Na and HE varied highly ranging from 3. Several introduced Mediterranean populations shown equal or higher Na than native ones e. Overall, pairwise FST values among the 18 populations analysed using four microsatellite markers were highly significant see Table 4. The FST value between the two native populations was 0. Interestingly, non- significant values identified for a group of populations related to GSL source population: Genetic characteristics of each sampled site for the four Artemia franciscana microsatellite markers used in nuclear analyses. Bold numbers indicate Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf departure from HWE after sequential Bonferroni correction. Estimates of pairwise multi-loci FST values from four microsatellite loci bellow diagonal and! Population codes are those indicated in Table 1. Shading indicates the pairwise values from the two putative American source populations. Using all six markers, BAPS was unable to differentiate between ten and 11 clusters, with probabilities of 0. Nevertheless, when linked loci i. Four clusters contained more than one population, while six populations were identified as single cluster. As it was expected, two multi-population clusters included independently the two native populations i. However, two bi- population clusters were inferred with independence of the native populations i. Each separate bar indicates a population, and same colour Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf those populations inferred in the same cluster. Welcome to El Taref - Skycam AlgeriaBlack square indicates the two putative native source populations from U. Populations within circles were identified to have NO significant FST values in genetic structure analysis, such that they would belong to the same cluster in a mutation-migration-drift equilibrium model. The Bayesian method computed with BayesAss showed that self-recruitment values ranged from 0. Inference of recent gene flow and assignment test among the two native and Mediterranean sampled populations. Values along the diagonal are self-recruitment rates for each population bold. Asterisks indicate populations with values higher to 0. B Percentage of individuals assigned to each population as estimated by GeneClass. At both sub-tables, source populations are given in rows and recipient populations in columns. Additionally, other six populations showed values higher than 0. Excluding native populations i. The analysis computed by GeneClass revealed different results to those from BayesAss, although congruent. The highest auto-assignment values were obtained for the same populations than BayesAss inferred i. In contrast to BayesAss, GeneClass inferred migration from several populations to other in relevant values i. Overall, results inferred from all different analyses performed at the present study were similar and consistent i. Discussion Origin and phylogeography of the Mediterranean Artemia franciscana The phylogenetic analyses indicate that worldwide invasive A. Both Mexican and Cape Verde populations appear to be native and have played no part in A. In several study cases from both vertebrates and invertebrates taxa, the use of mitochondrial markers has been sufficient to deduce the origin and invasion pathways of introduced populations Kelly et al. HAf04 is present the majority of the invasive Mediterranean populations, particularly in Portugal. This allowed us to detect the specific origin of several Mediterranean populations see Fig. Discrepancies on genetic structure revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear markers have been previously described in other invasive aquatic invertebrates Peijnenburg et al. The low differentiation among mitochondrial haplotypes found through the huge geographic invaded range i. Indeed, although the identification of worldwide invasive origin of A. In a different way, conclusions would be wrong i. Colonization and dispersal patterns in the Mediterranean Theory predicts that each different colonization and dispersal pattern should leave a specific genetic signature across the invaded range Dupont et al. Indeed, our results should fit, at least partially, to the following features: Goberna dor que dicho solicitante debe cum plir con os requisitos exigidos por la Ley del Servicio Civil de Pto-Rico, para ponerse en condiciones de ser elegible. Alcalde Municipal, Utuado, trans cribe una comunicacin del Oficial de Sanidad, relativa al estado sani tario del poblado de Jayuya, el cual sigue mejorando, informa sobre la instalacin de un hospitalillo provi provisional sional provisional en aquel poblado. Hley y su esposa Rhoda Curts Haley, solicitan la inscripcin de sus diplomas de Drs. Osteopticos, pidiendo autorizacin para ejercer en Puerto -Rico esta rama de la medicina. Los diplomas y solicitudes han si sido do sido endosados al Sr. Presidente del Board de Mdicos Examinadores para su consideracin y resolucin por ser asunto de la competencia del referido Board. Oficial de Sanidad, Humacao. Re Remite mite Remite dos muestras de harina de trigo que se supone en mal estado, par a ser reconocidas en el Laborato io, proipiedad una de A. Gonzlez, y- otra de Flix Lpez. Los siguientes servicios han sido prestados por la policia el da de ayer Intraccion de las ordenanzas mu nicipales 30; turbar la paz, 4; infrac cin de la ley de sanidad, 1 ; cruelda con los animales 1; lotal oo. Estas Pildoras obran sobre el estmago mismo, y rio sobre los alimentos ; y en esto se distinguen de todos los dems medicamentos. Debilidad digestiva se debe mayormente ca sanciotterviosidad, debilidad general, lo cual resulta en Dispepsia nerviosa. Miles de cartas prueban la eficacia de este medicamento. Por nueve aflea fn victima de una dispepsia nerviosa agudsima. Sufra casi constantes'' indigestiones, pesadez despus de comer, mareos y noseas. B6taba sumido en nna- tristeza y abatimiento tales que llegu a causarme de la vida. Estaba fastidiado de pastillas, obleas, polvos. E esto ri un anuncio d' las Pildoras delDr. Wiiams, reco reco-- - reco-- mandndolas pan mi real. Las tom y al -terminar seis pomos. Curado ya, no me canso de recomendar las Pildoras Rosadas del Sr. Cada artculo descrito se vende 10 centa vos oro uno. En tras meses hemos' regalado relojes. BoxSan J uan, Puerto Rico. Tambin expiden pasage directo para Corua," Le. De regreso de los Estados Unidos el representante del acreditado es establecimiento tablecimiento establecimiento Las Novedades, ha completado un magnifico surtido de cuanto se encuentra de til, y ne necesario cesario necesario en aquella importante plaza. Pedidos hechos Europa estn lle gando tambin en cada vapor y todo ; cuanto exija el mas refinado gusto y la mas esquisita fantasa se encuen- tra en el establecimiento de nfoda de la ciudad. Adornos de cabeza, perfu j meria,muebles para gabinetes y to- j cador, ropa blanca para seoras se-1 oritas y nias, sombreros, paraguas i v sombrillas, relojes, macetas de fio. Ordenes por correo y telgrafo. Servicio pronto y cuida cuidadoso. Del distrito de Yabucoa comu nican el arresto de dos individuos que fueron sorprendidos jugando lo prohibido. Alvarez y her hermano mano hermano en su conocido estableecimien to de la calle San Jos nmero 7 en San Juan. Del distrito de Cabo-Rojo co munican el arresto de cinco person person-nas nas person-nas q. De Loiza comunican el arresto bien acreditado encontrareis. Piel Bro's que es la mejor clase de cer cerveza. Verdadera cerveza Lager Ale Alemana. Malta de la ms fina y flor de. Un triple efecto de 8' de didmefo ; con su combinacin de llaves para ; Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf disparos de revolver Feliciana! Morales por comprar un par de zapa tos a Juan Ulaz, soldado de la com-t! Dicho indivi-1 El movimiento de fondo? Al soldado 1 de Enero 31 df Mayo d lco-i Juan Daz, le han formulado cargos rriente ao: En la parada 2U en Santurce, era de 8S. Lucas y tesorero el. Un molino de nueve masas y variar piezas de repuesto. Para informes- dirijirse J. Este profunda, positiva j notable, que sol se comprueba probando una botlla '-y observando sus efectos. La accin fortificante de dicho vino es ten especialy. Informaran en F l- Nota: LL Para iforBes, p. Ingresos y fallecimien fallecimiento to fallecimiento enel -presidio, El gobernador ha negado la gracia de indulto a tres confinados. Jos Santos que extingna con condena dena condena de dos aos falleci. Dnde podra podramos mos podramos encontrar ms eficaces vende vendedores dores vendedores de nuestros productos para los pases latinos que en Puerto Rico? Los puertorriqueos hablan el idioma de las nacionalida es que nos interesa tratar, estn fami familiarizados liarizados familiarizados con sus usos y costum costumbres bres costumbres Y prmitidme declarar aqu una vez que me parece de tan mal gusto jactarse de superioridades de raza hablando colectivamente, co como mo como proclamar el predominio indivi individual dual individual por motivos de riqueza de sangre. Puerto Rico podra venir en nes tra ayuda con recursos no desprecia bles. Hagmosles sentir que iorma parte de nuestra nacin: Es impo sible fijar el valor del auxilio que prestara nuestro desenvolvimiento econmico este pueblo que viaja tan to v aue est en tan frecuente con tacto con la civilizacin de dos mundos. Utilcese el fuerte brazo lrtl i-tswor omaripann ora. Acordmonos de Irlanda, explota dapor los grandes terratenientes ylqs seores y cumplamos el deoer pieno de no permitir que esa explotacin se reproduzca en rueo ruco que all, como en Irlanda, el pueblo no nosee ms recursos para vivir q. No olvidis que la isla tiene un rea territorial semejante la de vermont y sostiene un milln ce na na-bitantes bitantes na-bitantes ; que el azcar es su princi principal pal principal producto y que los terrenos pro propios pios propios para caa son ambicionados por el capital americano. Ya sabe sabemos mos sabemos lo bastante para estar adverti dos de aue tan pronto como este capital se apoderede los mejores pun tos de la isla, vendr la inevitable consolidacin de intereses y las tie tierras rras tierras se convertirn en el dominio de unos pocos. Durante la primera etapa de este proceso, el pueblo malgastar sus recursos y una falsa prosperidad le estimular, como el canto de las si renas, esas intiles prodigalidades hasta que llegue el momento en que I03 dueos de la situacin, cuando el perodo de reaccin se aproxime, levante el grito Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf perturbar los negocios" Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf la codicia encontrar un magnfico apoyo en la usura. Tris te es el cuadro, yo lo admito; pero hay que lanzar la voz de alerta y se ra criminal q. Observad en la seccin 66 de este bil al Congreso proveyendo para las concesiones de franquicias en Ito. Tales concesiones se definen correctamente expresando q. Guatemalaa 8 de Agosto, TODA persona extenua extenuada da extenuada y debilitada, fsica mentalmente,encuentra en la Emulsin de Scott el agente ms poderoso para restablecer las fuer fuer-zas zas fuer-zas del cuerpo y el vigor cerebral. Es el remedio mas ericaz para combatir la Tisis, la Anemia, el. Raquitismo, la Es Escrfula crfula Escrfula etc. Para este pe queo territorio, que reposa en los mares del feur estamos legislando para este reflejo de! Edn sobre la tierra, reproduccin feliz de. Es como un tierno nio que nos tiende sus brazos para que le levantemos al seno de la pa tria, punca vuelva a sentir sobre su frente las terribles ruedas del cano de la tirana! Saa Juan, Pueito Rico. Es- tractos y esencias hasta de quince pe sos el frasco. En tela de seda crandes novedades. Velos, abrigos y mantillas de itima moda. Y an se pretende por re representantes presentantes representantes de las compaas azu azucareras careras azucareras que se le permita ser propie tanas de 12 15 mil acres! Sostengo que los 3 mil que el bil Olmsted ad mite, representan el mximun que es lcito conceder las compaas y espero que las clusulas del bil se sern rn sern efectivas para impedir que la fu futura tura futura ley quede burlada. Yo nunca tuve la buena fortuna de visitar la ta de Puerto Rico;pero mis informes, que proceden de los hearings ante el Comit y de otras fuentes de informacin fidedignas, me convencen de qno solo es la ms bella de las Jilas de esta parte del mundo por sus esplndidos paisajes eino aue no sufre comparacin con ningn otro pas, por bu clima salu tfero, si que la azoten epidemias, con un suelo feraz, habitada por un pueblo pacfico y amante de la de democracia, mocracia, democracia, q. A fin de evitar tedo error examnete cuidadosamente la eti etiqueta queta etiqueta: Violeta, cerde y ruja, igualmente que las seas: Este tratamiento irne costar u: Aquella personas que no consiguieren acostumbrarse al sabor del agua de alquitrn podrn reemplazar su aso mediaote las Cpsula. De ste modo obeodia los misno saludables efectos y una cu curacin racin curacin del mismo modo cit-ru. Tomadas 'Ualaaarejir anip de la roaa Idas, 6 en el cur. Lat zrrdtderas capsulas Guynt cd blancas, y sobre cada ana de el ai va impresa m nrrro la firma Gujot. Otra parte dice que el punto de vista de Galileo no es correcto para el En la Figura nº 1 se presenta el proceso por el cual se llega al mapa mental. . 18 y 21 años, en el que un 37% eran chicos, frente a un 63% que eran chicas. Molnar y Tarf, () indican que habría que ampliar el concepto de “plejía” por el de. En otros términos, la cuota da ahorro, qua ara da tras por “. = danto sobre el el júbilo de las chicas. Anto los dos . yjg tarf-. — Al principio, no-. " cU#rtntr cuando Vayas Pas? dei paí?- ^ na Es la AUTOS AMBIENTES PARISINOS Y DE DAS CIUDADES CAUDAS, MISTERIOSAS Y EVOCADORAS DE. Tiene una caja de agua higinica, sobre la tie tierra, rra, tierra, capaz de 10, litros; una te terraza rraza terraza para jardin al nivel de la gale galera, ra, galera, y est en el sitio ms sano, ven ventilado tilado ventilado y pintoresco de la poblacin. Informes, San Francisco 66, Capital. Bremen, Compaa de Vapore Nortli Germnica. Unica Compaa que despacha semanalmente desda Xew York y Europa un vapor de gran velocidad. Antonio fi Molina de-St. Especialista en enfermedades de la nari V garganta y del oido. San Francisco 28 Plaza Baldority. La Correspondencia de Puerto Rico ( June 25, 1910 )No lo olvidis Fon San Luis. Al va rez hermano, siguen obteniendo el me mejor jor mejor xito con laventa del creditado "Ron San Luis" producto de superior calidad que ha conquistado justa fa fama ma fama en la isla y fuera de ella. No contiene sustancias nocivas y es una bebida tnica y reconstituyente. No olvidis que los pedidos deben hacerse la acreditada casa calle de San Jos en San Juan. De 1 5 de la tarde. Es la bebida ms alimenticia y deliciosa que se conoce. El mejor reconstituyente y alimento para las personas anmicas, disppticas y delicadas. Los estmagos ms dbiles la digieren con-fcilidad. Un alimento sano que envigoriza y produce vida. Leche de vaca pura y rica, con extracto de cereales malteados -presentada en forma de polvo y soluble en agua. Puede pre prepararse pararse Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf en un instante, aadindose' agua, caliente fra, y agi agitndose tndose agitndose con rapidez. Sin rival para la alimentacin de los nios, invlidos y madres que cran. Los mdicos la recomiendan en todas partes. De venta en las principales drogueras y farmacias, pero de no hallarse dirijirse sus fnicos fabricantes, en espaol'. Mu tras rati loi Srei. Griis para los pobres, Mircolesy Viernes, de 9 12 10 l'3 a. Domingos y dias fetiioos: Es indispensable en absoluto si queris lo lograr grar lograr la curacin en los casos de bron bronquitis, quitis, bronquitis, catarros y re. Departamento de ropa hecha. Cascos y Sombreros para Seoras y Nias. Trages de chaquetn y Princesas. Faldas, Sobretodos de eeda cruda Negros. Platos de porcelana en colores 6 c. Copas con adornos dorado 1 y 1 c. Floreros de cristal 10, 15, 20 y 25 c, uno. Jarros de ristal infi infinidad nidad infinidad de artculos todos rebajado de precio. Hemos tomado un nuevo Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf aneo Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf casa y en l presentamos verdaderas gangas en Sillones, si sillas llas sillas para nios. Neveras y adems tolo lo necesario para viaje. Ks importante visitar este nuevo Departamento un alma almacn cn almacn completo. Departamento de Artculos para Caballeros. Hay gangas en Camisas. Capas de goma para agu. Salidas de bao, etc. Departamento de arirulos para Sras. Diademas, Horquillas Turbantes, etc. En cada uno de los Departamentos de la casa hay algo rebajado de precio. V La Correspondencia de Pto. Olmsted, tu votado en la Cmara de representantes. Pas con algunas enmiendas. Pero en verdad decimos que si pa s, tambin pasan por sobre la cabe za de los pueblos, nubes ae tormen ta, raso en votacin disciplinaria de una parte de un partido poltico quien conviene ia sujecin ue un pueblo, no obstante sus protestas. Muy respetables son as mayoras pero no todas la mayoras lo son en Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf. No pas ese MU, no pasar seguramente en la conciencia de los hombres justos, cualquiera que sea el pueblo de la tierra en que esos hombres nacieron. Pero el bil pas enmendado. Qu tal sera-en su primera forma cuando en el regaadientes de la discusin parlamentaria, tuvieron sus sostene sostenedores dores sostenedores que ceder en puntos de relati va importancia: La teora de que una ley injusta debe ser considerada como admisi admisible ble admisible por que contiene preceptos que constituyen pasos de avance, es recha zable por la lgica y el sentido co comn. Esa teora es la misma que pre presidiera sidiera presidiera i esta invitacin; bebei esta copa de delicioso licor; contiene miel hiblea, esencia de rosas de Jeric agua crinolina del parnaso y un po poco co poco de acido prsico; bcbed, bcbed El instinto de rnnfervaein hara vol volver ver volver la rara ante es-a ropa de licor. Ri Ricas cas Ricas y poticas substancias eompon eompon-dranla, dranla, eompon-dranla, pero seguro veneno, triun triunfador fador triunfador de la mezcla, matara al bebe bebedor. Dse los puertorriqueos cinda cinda. Es un mf-gavernment en manos ajenas, es un self-government agarrado fuerte- tnente por una menospreciados -i tona; un selj-garcrnment para un pas que, viviendo en la paz. Bebed de ese licor' liliertades, derechos, democracia, respeta un Eueblo y respeta al lionibre que lo abita. Todo Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf rico, todo es suave; miel hiblea, rosas de Jeric, agua del parnaso; pero en la mezcla, el amar amargo go amargo atvico de la misera tirana que ech de Inglaterra los puritanos. A eso llaman paso de avance. Se os debe un desagravio y en vez de pag pagroslo roslo pagroslo os remuneran con un adarme. Alrededor del cri crimen men Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf de Barranca. Director de "La Corresponden- cia'1. Ja raora; me oejraci. Jd extremse de manera b. Lpez Nu-ra al af rrn ir q victima rcirk'. K pwiia csnrtc-ra en-i Ual cuvtki IjJu tiende Li cam-' - i r i pia descubierta, y no distante, cinco minutos esta la ciudad de ron ce. Sin entrar en los detalles del dra drama ma drama Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf privara una inconsolable familia de su iete. Ese individuo afirma que, al salir de Machuelo hacia Barrancas, cerca. Adems, ese testimonio vienen corroborar otros hechos de una realidad positiva y que preferimos callar por estar el asunto subjudice; pero ya vendr el da en que el publi publico co publico conozca todas las arteras de los desalmados asesinos del desgraciado Franchi. No importa que un prestigioso a a-bogado bogado a-bogado como lo es nuestro distingu do amigo el seor Parra Cap, tenga su cargo la defensa de este caso tan triste como lamentable. Podr el retrico artificio des destruir truir destruir lo que es verdadero y real? Sabemos que en este caso estamos frente Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf adversario, pero un ad adversario versario adversario de hidalga nobleza, incapaz de ofender siquiera tenuemente la roe mona de un hombre de bien como lo fu Pablo Franchi; sabemos, s, que l no acudir medios que puedan hacer dudar de su alto intelecto, po niendo en juego como lo hiciera en otra circunstancia cierto letrado, re cursos mezquinos, rebatidos brillan temente por el ministerioo publico el licenciado seor R. Ulpiano Lo Lo-lom lom Lo-lom q. Pero no tendr que rendirse al Ledo. Parra ante los hechos? Sus ar argumentos gumentos argumentos no habrn de desquiciarse sin violacin arbitraria del orden na natural tural natural de las cosas, frente la inflexi ble verdad? Las aducciones podrn acaso su perar la capacidad de la pura razn ni derribar su fortaleza? Leccia Ponce, Junio Deseando informar los lectores de vuestro valiente diario, del xito alcanzado por los inteligentes puer puertorriqueos torriqueos puertorriqueos que estudian Derecho en las Universidades de esta capi capital, tal, capital, espero de vuestra amabilidad me conceda algn sitio en su viril vocero para presentar estos ami amigos gos amigos ante la opinin pblica de Puer Puerto to Puerto Rico. Torregrosa; tan inteligentes com compaeros paeros compaeros obtuvieron las ms altas calificaciones en los exmenes de Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf primer curso. Turregrosa, que dividi su tiempo ede su lle llegada gada llegada erta ciudad, en laborar por el bien patrio y en su afanosa tarea estudian il: K v trr-,n ip'e'iwnpi. Inter al prndente Taft v" dis tinguido? Entre lo- graduado- figur en pri mer lugar, el joven Rafael Diaz Cin trn quien obtuvo, tambin con al tas nota- el ttulo de doctor en Le yes; este anbo trabaj por mwlio tiempo e: Vilir, - rif rif-nad nad rif-nad por. I A'fann-n it az i iti. Wahincton, Junio 9 de l'l' I. Uno d los rie-2 nif;r-iles y frecuente- -n! Como dicna agua, ademas apa- cada a la piel no pToduce n Su base es, como se ver de cuerpos grasos, y su objeto es mas bien el ae asegurar la impearmeabilidad y la, suavidad del cuero que el de da mucho fustre. En unos quince cent centmetros metros centmetros de trementina de Arabia, se hacen fundir y disolver, removien dolos bien, sobre un fuego moderado lento, gramos de sebo de buey 45 eramos de aceite de patas, y ou de cera blanca. Se agrega Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf seguida una cantidad suficiente de negro de hueso, y se remueve hasta que se en enfrie. Resulta una masa plstica que se guarda en una caja de hoja-lata de papel engrasado. Descubrimiento de un manuscrito de Goethe, Los cir circuios cuios circuios literarios de Berln estn de plcemes por el descubrimiento que se acaba de hacer en Zurich, del ma manuscrito nuscrito manuscrito original del primero de los cuatro volmenes de la clebre o o-vela vela o-vela del insigne Goethe, "Wilhem Meisters Lehrialne" El apreadiza je de Weilhem Meister que ha sido traducido varios idiomas con gra gra-xito, xito, gra-xito, y al espaol con el slo nom bre de "Wilhem Meister". Goethe escribi seis de los ocho Ii bros de que la obra consta, entre 1 1 77 yantes de marcharse a lta lia, y cierta ocasin se los remiti su amiga Barbara Schuithes, de Zu rich. Aunque los manuscritos en cuestin se concideraban perdidos para siempre, su autenticidad ha si sido do sido reconocida por dos eminentes historigrafos alemanes, los profe profesores sores profesores Richard Meyer y Erich Sch Sch-midt, midt, Sch-midt, Constan de cuartillas, y se rn seguramente adquiridos por el Museo y Archivos de Goethe, en Wei mar. El hombre quien todo el mundo insulta es un rerluso;rivo, huyen de l v muerta honran su nombre. Al rabo d- do? De donde viene tardado tanto? Gran Teatro no tenai: New York, Junio El presi presidente dente presidente de Nicaragua doctor Madriz, ha contestado la nota trasmitidat t ri ,f Kreder,e n,v. Declara adems el doctor Madriz que no ser por la arbitraria intervencin del gobierno norteame norteamericano ricano norteamericano en Blufields, la paz de Nicara Nicaragua gua Nicaragua estara al presente asegurada. Los-estudia J I ,1 T i diantes salvadoreos han publicado' un manifiesto al mundo protestando de la injustificable conducta del go gobierno bierno gobierno norteamericano en Blufields, la que juzgan arbitraria y atentato atentatoria ria atentatoria la soberana de las repblicas de centroamrica. New York, Junio 2o El presidente del Consejo de ministros de Espaa seor Canalejas ha declarado que su gobierno cumplir el programa reli gioso de cualquier modo, haciendo caso omiso de las protestas del Vati cano. El gobierno de la Santa Sede se encuentra perplejo ante la actitud del gabinete de Madrid, sin atrever atreverse se atreverse adoptar una actitud francamen francamente te francamente hostil. El seor Canalejas ha reci recibido bido recibido numerosas felicitaciones de to todas das todas las provincias del reino alentn dole en su proposito, incitndole la resistencia contra cualquier tran transaccin. Ayer tuvo lugar en aguas de Kiel la regata in ternacional. En la lucha el yacht or teainericano WeUwards gan el pre premio mio premio Krup, derrotando al Meteoro capitaneado por el Kaiser Guillermo. Comunican de Mxico que el general Feliz Daz, sobrino del presidente Porfirio Daz y jefe del cuarto militar de ste se cree que sea el vice-presidente de a a-quella quella a-quella repblica en las prximas elec ciones en sustitucin del seor Ra Ramn mn Ramn Corral, que pasar ocupar el portfolio de relaciones exteriores va vacante cante vacante por fallecimiento del seor Ig Ignacio nacio Ignacio Mariscal. Despachos de la misma proceden procedencia cia procedencia dan cuenta de un descarrilamien descarrilamiento to descarrilamiento ocurrido en el pueblo de Manzani Manzanillo llo Manzanillo de aquella repblica, causando 37 muertos y ms de un centenar de heridos. Era un animal tan grande y tan fiero que todo el mun mundo do mundo quiso verle. Un da en que el circo estaba lleno de espectadores, el hombre que cui cuidaba daba cuidaba al len puso en la jaula de ste un perrito negro. La gente estaba an ciosa por ver lo que hara el len. El len mir fijamente al insigni insignificante ficante insignificante ser que tena ante s. Ionio de Futuin Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf. Funcin entera ;i las 8 y media de la noche. Hov Laa em- pezalo los 'osaros de la Prin Desde as colchones mu- PP Farther deta canchad by una sillera de nogal estilo "Imperio", hasta vagillas, cna-crafoA. ElCieiapP-yS o thu ofce: Ambas coincidir ; ,jn. Uay en xaru ttf tt;ay nidc Urifl Zc. Jess mientras bailaba ca cayo yo cayo muerto. AveliflO deSDS de inferirle. De Vega Alta comunican que en el barrio "Mancao de aquella en ua baile que se celebraba muri repen repentinamente tinamente repentinamente el individuo Jess Gim Gimnez. Los siguientes servicios han sido prestados por la policia de San Juan Infraccin de las ordenanzas mu municipales nicipales municipales 18; turbar la paz, 4; cruel crueldad dad crueldad con animales, 2. El numeto de la fuerza hasta esta el da llegadistribuidos en la forma siguiente: Jefe, 1; segundo jefe, 1; ayudan ayudante, te, ayudante, 1; inspector, 1; jefes de distrito 65; sargentos, 15; cabos 40; guar guardias dias guardias Nombramientos- El gobernador ha puesto la firma los siguientes nombramientos: Alcalde de Juana Daz, Murray H. Eckman, por Antonio Obvien, aue fu separado de su cargo. Natividad juz juz-mn; mn; juz-mn; D. Las escuelas pblicos de Cayey prepararon un magnifico programa para el cierre del curso escolar. La comisin encargada de las fiestas estuvo compuesta de los Sres. Polo principal de 1 as escuelas. De algn modo el rey del desierto hubo de decir al perrito que no tena por porque que porque asustarse, pues algunos segun segundos, dos, segundos, despus el animafito se acerc al len v le lami el hocico. Despus de aquella escena, ambos se nicieron muy buenos amigos, y el Icn lleg consentir al perrito que le diera bromaa y que le tirase de las melenas. Cuando les echaban la co- I mida, el len permaneca detrs del r i i f jjerru y aejaoa que este satisraciese su apetito primero. Pareca com comprender prender comprender que por ser al el fuerte, deba mostrarse galante y compasi compasivo vo compasivo con el dbil indefenso. La culta como estudiosa seorita Julia Infante Mirabal, ha terminado con notable aprovechamiento, sus estudios rlf frmrltlftniAn rtKt Articnrlr, interinamente un tiotr a r. La joven cra- duada merece los mavores plcemes! Reiteramos nuestra mas expresiva felicitacin la seorita graduada. Pcrto Rico Iriigat-on -errine. Para informes, dirigirse al Apar Apartado tado Apartado de correo No San Juan, Puerto Rico. A los contratistas de obras. Gran existencia de zocos de co corazn razn corazn de hucar negro, hasta de 8 varas de largo i i i i Zocos Hucar v v puteadas ae oame' tro. Deposito en Hato Rey. Box Rio En reserva La tintura de "Hen "Hen-nie" nie" "Hen-nie" para el cabello y la baroa, es com completamente pletamente completamente inofensiva. La vende el Bazar Otero de Ponce. Se gafan gafan-tiza tiza gafan-tiza la discrecin. Calle de Mndez Vigo No. Muv cerca del ferrocarril. Alumbrado elctrico y timbres en todas habitaciones. Te Telfono lfono Telfono No Habitaciones para agentes viajeros, propias para e. Pon Pon-ce ce Pon-ce NO. Garage con capacidad para do doce ce doce automviles. El ms grande de la poblacin y el mas cntrico, pues est dos pasos de los hote' les y muy ccrca del centro de Ja Poblacin. En la sucursal de los Sres. Sn Snchez chez Snchez Moralps v Comp. Records ce los ms afamados cantantes. Manager, Jos Diaz Mar Mar-cilia. P- Fernandez etennano de la Esencia psiwcial re Madrid. Ofrece sus servicios pro profesionales, fesionales, profesionales, dentro y fuera de la ciu ciudad, dad, ciudad, letuan Casa espaciosa y cntrica. Parqua central, esquina calla da Betan Betan-ce. El Recreo mas ameno para las familias puedo ob- tenerse por poco di dinero nero dinero romprando un hermoso fon fongrafo grafo Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf Edison. Tetuin, 47, Frente al Teatro ian Juan. Dirijirse por correo P. Box numero 7S- personal- mer. Su casa Parada 4H cae del! Cocina para todos lo! Precios mdicos, bcr vicio de cantina. Para los cemisioaistaa y agente viajeros es oe pan comodidad No f ivioeis e. Inzarry sd a Piaya. Fortaleza 71 S i? ICO de L ; de May-vjoz. Informarn eu estas oficiua - aaajGan oe a lQa. El jue desee proporcionarlo puede dirijirse al Sr. Mo ra63 en Aguas buenas". San Juan Puerto Hco, hay el mas esplendido surtido de perfumera. En geaeros de punto, adornos para cabeza, paraguas y sombrillas para mujer y carteras de mao, es mag magnifico nifico magnifico ei surtido. Todo acabado da recibir. No lo ol ol-i? Apartado Ma Ma-vaguez. El mejor ron a J. Casa fun dada en Anises, Vinos da California y espaoles. Se sirven pedidos toda la isla. Tiene sala, cuatro dormi dormitorios torios dormitorios y dems comodi comodidades dades comodidades para familias. El rolar es propio y mide metros cuadrados. Casas A plazo Informe? Gonzlez y Co, S. Plaza de Santo Domingo. Pulcritud y esmcM i el despacho defrmalas. Paten Patentizad tizad Patentizad es de toda class. Frente la piaza principal, es quina A! Muy cerca cpI lcrrocaril. Hahitacionei Tiro tut -n i -T nntwitt. Se an ti troducido nota comidas ti bies mejoras. Tiens telfono y baos de duch. Hotel Borinquen, Azadilla casa del. En en l. Em jpleamos azcar de la. Premiado cn v irios coacuroj icn meaaim ae oro. Lcp-aas en - 'bajoj n: Se envan croquii peticin Hotel Pars me. Diario absolutamente impardal, eco de la opinin y de la prensa. La distin distinguid guid distinguid seorita del jardn del sur, Encarnacin Perez-Guerra, pasa en esta ciudad una corta temporada. Le acompaa otra monsima damita poncea, la seorita A. Preston y al desear las bellas cuanto cultas vi visitantes sitantes visitantes la mejor temporada en la ciudad, hacemos votos por que sea lo ms larga posible. Fidel Benero, hacenda do de aquella localidad. En asuntos de negocios estuvo en San Juan el Sr. Arturo Quintero, hacendado de Manat. Estuvo lijeramente enfermo en su residencia d Santurce el Ledo. Juan Hernndez Lpez, presidente del "casino. Esta tarde llegar la ciudad pr pr-cedente cedente pr-cedente de su residencia en Jajome alto" el gobernador Colton. Amelia y Angtlita Gimnez, dos lindas damitas del ver jel de Barros pasarn en RioPiedras algunos das y estn hospedadas en la casa de la distinguida familia de M. Buenas impresiones tengan en su viaje las bellas jvenes Color "aeroplano". Un nuevo co lor est haciendo en Europa las de licias de las estrictas observadoras de la moda. Lo usan las damas en sus trajes y sombreros' le llaman "color aeroplano" y es de un ma matiz tiz matiz verde-azulado-claro. As pues, el azul marino y de "las mari marineras neras marineras "-en tierra-tiene un temible competidor. El baile de anoche. El tradicional baile de San Juan, se llev efecto anoche en el casino de la ciudad. Co Comenz menz Comenz k hora fijada,poco despus de las 9 y pas de la media noche. La animacin se sostuvo siempre en auge durante todo el tiempo de la grata fiesta y la dulce diosa del baile hubo de verse muy rendidamente agasajada, pues se la di entu entusiasta siasta entusiasta culto. Brillante fu el ramillete de bellas y distinguidas seoritas que dio la nota femenina de la animada fiesta. Un lindo bouquet de flores del jardn del sur, y en l las bellas damitas En carnacin Prez Guerra, Llorens, Vivas, Valdivieso, Emmanuelli y Newman, fu tambin admirado all. Anita y Palmira Gatell, de Yau Yau-co, co, Yau-co, nuevas estrellas en nuestros salo nes, lucieron su gracia y gentileza y llitita Betancourt, monsima, era otra de las nuevos luceros que por segunda ocasin hubo la suerte de admirar. Ana Rita Sama, de azuli como siempre reinando; hermanas Cesteros-Mangual, de punz, menos rojo cj. En la 'nota' de amor muchas notas; pero irn oportunamente. La fiesta pues, result brillante xito. Da de gran fiesta fu ayer, para los alumnos de la cen tral High School, de esta ciudad, establecida en Santurce. Se celebra celebraba ba celebraba la terminacin del: En el curso cientfico Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf graduaron las seoritas Mercedes L. Gonzlez y Marta C. Martnez y los jvenes Die Diego go Diego A. Beni Benitez, tez, Benitez, H. Hernndez y Uimenez, J. K Rosario bantigo, F. Arandes y Jos G. De las seoritas graduadas concu rrieron la fiesta-celebrada en el el-amplio. El programa que era variado se cumpli con mucha fortuna to tomando mando tomando parte en su desempeo las alumnas y alumnos, seoritas Mar tnez y Montaner y jvenes Benitez de Jess, Rossy La presentacin de diplomas estuvo cargo del Sr. Gar- wood y el juez Ledo. Toro Cuevas dirigi un elocuente discurso los graduados. El ramillete de 'mayorcitas q. Concurrieron otras seoritas que ya han termina do sus estudios. Mercedes Mart, Herrera, Lolita Biascochea. Ms de 80 parejas llenaron bulliciosamente la gran sa sala. En el intermedio hubo regalos especales para las graduadas y gra graduados. A la seorita Julia Lpez le toc un magnfico adorno para cabeza; Benitez una sarta de muequitos para cuando fuera viejo y no pudie pudiera ra pudiera hacer conquistas que se consolara con la sarta; Mercedita Gon zules un pote de pomada para que cure un pequeo grano que le molestaba Diego Biascochea un tirabuzn en esto parece que algo tiene que ver Cupido ; Rossy un 'Per 'Perla la 'Perla fina' en miniatura aludiendo su eran aficin los de portes hpicos; C. Jess un tren de ferrocarril, alusin su afi aficin cin aficin viajar. La entrega de los rega los y la explicacin que respecto de su aplicacin daba el alumno Rossy, ocasiono gran nnariaaa en ia concu concurrencia rrencia Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf y fui una de las ms alegres notas de la iesta. Nuestra felicitacin ms expresi va los graduados, sintiendo no ha ber podido concurrir su atrayente tiesta, infinitas gracias nuestra "secretaria" all muy monsima mo renita con luces de matiz de endrina y ms hab que el "cronista"- que tan bien supo informarnos. Y eso que el dios de la venda no descuida su asecho para burlar la coraza con que hasta ahora se ha cubierto la culta. Hftrtl, darta del Sr. Hace 15 da Tengo tomando, la Pe runa ; ailn me quedan dos cucharadas en el pri primer mer primer frasco, y esta fecha ya han desapa desaparecido recido desaparecido todas laa af eoclonee catarrales ;! El seor Diaz se encuen encuentra tra encuentra gravemente enfermo. Falleci la seora riada de Do Do-nena, nena, Do-nena, miembro de ana nu numerosa merosa numerosa familia. De nuestro correapoosaj Junio Despus de breve en enfermedad fermedad enfermedad y una edad muy avanza os aejo ae exist ir la seora nuda de Domea miembro de una numerosa familia la que contaba 23 nietos. Hemos tenido el placer de sa saludar ludar saludar nuestro compatriota don Fe derico uual que acompaado de sus hijos don Jaime y don Firo han re regresado gresado regresado su pueblo natal, despus de una pequea ausencia en la nueva metrpoli Nuestro compatriota don Ventu ra Daz m halla otra vez bastante grave, temindole de un momento otro un desenlace fatal. Hacemos fervientes votos para que cuanto an tes recuperade la salud. Ha fijado su residencia en esta ciudad el doctor J. Gustavo Vordn montando su despacho en la calle de rozo U corto tiempo que lleva ha sido lo suficiente Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf captar captar-se se captar-se las simpata e es-te vecindario. El colector seor Rico ha felicita felicitado do felicitado por la labor realizada en la co comisin misin comisin q. Canino, colee tor de rentas del departamento y que fu enviado en comisin espe especial cial especial i las poblaciones de Conierio, Juana Diaz v Aguas-Buenas. Canino continua haciendo su servi cio en Rio Piedras, en donde estn muy satisfecho de t-u actitud. San Juan remite planos para su aprobacin de un pozo negro que deea construir para uso de la casa de su propiedad en l. San Juan- particip "que clausur el puesto de recae propiedad de Marcial Delgado, en Carolina dado el mal estado higi higinico nico higinico ea que se encontraba. Las solicitudes para Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf, sola solamente mente solamente sern admitidas hasta el s sbado bado sbado 16 de Julio las 10 de la ma maana, ana, maana, y debern acompaarse de un certificado de haber practicado con un maestro plomero autorizado, las de los aspirantes Oficial Plomero; V las de los aspirantes Maestro Plomero, del diploma de Oficial Plo mero. La materia sobre que han de ver versar sar versar los exmenes, comprende: Procedimientos para las instala ciones de objetos de plomera como inodoros, urinales, sumidores, etc. Procedimiento para la instalacin de desage de edificios y ventilacin de los mismos. Trazado de planos para insta laciones de aparatos sanitarios, y co rreccin de planos defectuosos pre sentados al examinante. Todo aspirante, deber presentar presentarse se presentarse al exmen prctico, provisto del material instrumentos necesarios para realizar los trabajos que le co correspondan. R, Junio, 15, Cordero-Director de Sanidad y Beneficencia. Rudd, Don Pedro J. Serralla, " Manuel R. Meja, " Felipe Salazar, " Pedro J. Torruella, " Damin Morell, " Juan A. Marrero, " Sergio Torruella, " L. Carlos Lpez de Tord. Valdivieso, " Esteban Ortiz, Dr. Don Jos Dvila, " Manuel I. Don Francisco Mol Llorens. Don Alfredo Bravo, r Fermn Sagardia. Don Jorge Bird y Len. El nmero de loe compradores aumenta diariamente y no recibiramos ordenes repelidas, por mavoros S cantidades. De renta en las Ferreteras y Drogueras. Acudid al Fueito Rico Elegante de R. Aniculos finoj par caballe-: Para pratanstaa da V. CaaalJahaadaataiiaaa pana la ful ifc'aralta-a anli rVfinl- itinaitanalii aaia ln J pan aaara Jaata aaa Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf Polaaa da Taa? Carolina, y enva documentacin r chistera de loa artculos aJimenticios destru-: I r n uc rr decomitadoa por faino rrStulo' En cata ta pronta m venda pape da periodicot Titjoa f 2 quintal. Para informes, presupuestos, planos etc. Ha eslahletido su bufete en la 2. Box 62L tl -icl Cristo immcr. Se informa qne 1 fiscal ha or ordenado denado ordenado el arresto del seor Marcelino Torres. Un hogar de duelo en-Itabo. Falleci la nia Laura, hija de los estimables espo sos Molinari- Junio Se dice que en la in vestigacin que fu practicar el fis fiscal cal fiscal Juana Daz, ayer por la tarde fll OTwiL-t. T en IT-clon e fir celino Torres, secretario de la junta escolar de Junna Da, por el supues supuesto to supuesto delito de intraecin las leyes del servicio civil. El fiscal le pidi mil quinientos- dola rs de fianza la cual v prest por la tarde el Sr. El individuo Pedro Rodrguez,? Vicente Atilano, que ha prestado tres mil pesos de fianza pa para ra para que pudiera permanecer en liber libertad, tad, libertad, y segn ha expresado el Sr. Ati Atilano, lano, Atilano, al fisacal de este distrito, Ro Rodrguez drguez Rodrguez trata de fugarse en el vapor Julia. El fiscal ha extendido un man damiento de arresto entregndoselo. Soto, pa ra que vaya al vapor Julia, y saque Rodrguez si est en dicho vapor. El sargento Soto, practic la inves- tigacin y result que Rodrguez, no se encontraba abordo de dicho vapor A vareas personas expres el Rodr Rodrguez guez Rodrguez au objeto de fugarse segn ma manifest nifest manifest el fiador Sr. El individuo Eugenio Gonzlez, que estaba empleado en la oficina del express de Aguadilla, cuyo sujeto andaba prfugo, fu capturado esta maana bordo del vapor Julia, por 1 detective Siln y guardia Rodr Rodrguez. Se encuentra en esta ciudad des de ayer el Rvdo. Desde- ayer se encuentra en estaciudad el Sr. Quintn Negron Sanjur jo, qu reside en San Juan donde tie tiene ne tiene su bufete profesional. Anoche llego a esta ciuciaci la co rrespondencia de los Est ados Unidos Se procedi al reparto que dur des " de ka 8 de la maana hasta las 9 de la noche. Ha regresado esta ciudad de los Estados Unidos, la distinguida y culta seorita Ana Elena Casis, hi hi-ia ia hi-ia del seor Luis Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf, la cual se encontraba etudiand,o en una uni universidad versidad universidad americana. Ccelebramos su llegado al hogar solariego. Se introdujo en la casa del Sr. Coe fracturando une cajita de hierro Al ser detenido pretendi salir del trance con algunas falsedades. Junio 23,-A las 2 p. Los cuidados de la familia y los auxilios de la ciencia no fueron bas tantea librar de las garras de la muerte la vida de un ser querido, pues fin de evitarlo fueron llama llamados dos llamados los doctores Romn, Rovellat y Lacasa, de Yabucoa, Arroyo y- Guayama respectivamente, habien do ya antes prestado sus servicio; de primer momento el entendido farmacutico seor Susraes sin que nada pudieran alcanzar. A su entierro celebrado entre 11 y J 2 de la maana del siguiente da a a-sisti sisti a-sisti una numerosa concurrencia formando parte de la comitiva lo: Padre Foise, ecnomo de esta parro quia. La cajita mortuoria ostentaba varias bonitas coronas de flores na turales, en laB que en cintas blancas se leian cariosas dedicatorias de personas, Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf y amigas de los es posos Molinari-Garcia. El Rif Oriental – Alrededores de NadorEn el sitio de costumbre v con sen tidas frases despidi el duelo don Vicente Ortz y Lpez. La dona eterna para Laura hora- fina, y 'sus padres la resignacin que han menester y que Dios con concede cede concede sus criaturas en trances tan dolorosos. Pronto ser un hecho la casa pa rroquial cuyos trabajos ya han empezado. Se encuentra en uso de licencia el alcalde en propiedad, don Jorge Fi Fi-gueroa gueroa Fi-gueroa quien probable presentar la renuncia de dicho cargo para acep aceptar tar aceptar una colocacin ms ventajosa. Vecinos de la calle de la Cruz se sienten moles molestos tos molestos con los frecuentes es cndalos provocados por mujeres galantes. Un nnevo "sport" para los ni os se ha establecido en el extremo snr de la iglesia iglesia-De De iglesia-De nuestro corresponsal Junio Los vecinos de la calle de Santa Cruz de Chicas en otras poblaciones de El tarf ciudad, desea rian que las autoridades, tomaran parte en los constantes escndalos que en la referida calle, se dan por mujeres galantes que sin respeto alguna las familias y personas hon rradas hacen insoportable la vivien vivienda da vivienda en dicha calle. Las relaciones sexuales surgen de manera natural. Se siente mal por su situación, pero sus sugar'parejas lo entienden. La única A través de páginas webs y mensajes en línea conoce a las sugar babies con las que sus. Obtén información sobre las drogas para violación durante una cita en la Llama a la LÍNEA DE AYUDA DE OWH: Las drogas para violación durante una cita son ilegales y, muchas veces, se utilizan como . El éxtasis puede hacer que una persona se sienta más "cariñosa" con otros. El enojo es una respuesta natural que se adapta a las amenazas, e inspira Si siente que actúa de manera que parece fuera de control y que es alarmante, Cualquier excepción a esto, incluyendo frases o citas de Centro de Apoyo o APA . Te centras en sentir las sensaciones de calor de tu brazo izquierdo. Después de 3 espiraciones, dejas de repetirte esta frase y te concentras en tu pierna derecha. Tomas conciencia de su temperatura. Después de 3 espiraciones, dejas de repetirte esta frase y diriges la atención a tu pierna izquierda. Te concentras en sentir el calor que irradia tu pierna izquierda. 'Sugar babies', el negocio de citas con hombres maduros a cambio de "la voluntad"Es una sensación de calor muy agradable que recorre todo tu cuerpo. Permanece unos instantes disfrutando de estas sensaciones de relajación y bienestar que has conseguido antes de dar por finalizado este ejercicio. A continuación te dejo el vídeo de esta técnica de la relajación autógena para disminuir la ansiedad. Recuerda lo importante que es hacer este entrenamiento autógeno hasta que consigas disminuir tu ansiedad a largo plazo. Con este ejercicio de la respiración alterna vas a combatir la ansiedad en 4 minutos aproximadamente. Siéntate con la espalda recta pero relajada y sigue las siguientes instrucciones. La respiración alterna consiste en alternar la respiración por cada una de las fosas nasales. Citas en linea no se siente naturalmente el dedo índice de tu mano derecha, tapa tu fosa nasal derecha aplastando suavemente la parte de tu nariz que la recubre e inhala aire con tu fosa nasal izquierda. Aguanta el aire dentro unos segundos y ahora con el dedo índice de tu mano izquierda, tapa tu fosa nasal izquierda y deja de aplastar tu fosa nasal derecha para que salga por ahí el aire. Ahora inhala aire por la misma fosa nasal derecha mientras mantienes tapada tu fosa nasal izquierda. Lo aguantas dentro unos segundos, tapas tu fosa nasal derecha y expulsas el aire por tu fosa nasal izquierda. Con los dedos pulgar y corazón de tu mano izquierda, vas a ir alternando la respiración por cada una de tus fosas nasales durante 2 minutos. Coge tu dedo pulgar y tapa tu fosa nasal izquierda para inhalar el aire por tu fosa nasal derecha. 25 frases emotivas para dejar fluir tus sentimientosLo aguantas dentro unos segundos y pasas a tapar tu fosa nasal derecha con el dedo corazón y liberas tu fosa nasal izquierda dejando de aplastarla suavemente con tu dedo pulgar. Ahora coges aire con tu fosa nasal izquierda, lo aguantas unos segundos, la tapas con tu dedo pulgar y liberas tu fosa nasal derecha dejando de aplastarla con tu dedo corazón para poder expulsar el aire. Recuerda que siempre debes coger el aire por la misma fosa nasal que has usado previamente para expulsarlo. Después de alternar la respiración por cada una de tus fosas nasales durante 2 minutos con la ayuda de tu mano izquierda, usa tu mano derecha para hacer lo mismo durante otros 2 minutos. Recuerda no poner en tensión el hombro de la mano que estés utilizando para realizar citas en linea no se siente naturalmente ejercicio de la respiración alterna. Este ejercicio para quitar la ansiedad no sustituye a un buen tratamiento psicológico puesto que es importante que trates las causas de tu ansiedad. A continuación te dejo el vídeo de esta técnica de la respiración alterna para reducir la ansiedad. Aprende a darle prioridad a aquello que es realmente importante en tu vida y deja de lado lo que te consume mucho tiempo y no te satisface. El procedimiento 6 Cómo calmar la ansiedad y citas en linea no se siente naturalmente nervios con la técnica de la relajación muscular progresiva: El procedimiento 7 Cómo combatir la ansiedad nerviosa con la técnica de la relajación autógena: El procedimiento 8 Cómo tratar la ansiedad naturalmente con la técnica de la respiración alterna: El procedimiento 9 Otros remedios naturales para la ansiedad 10 El mejor método online para eliminar la ansiedad para siempre. Cómo controlar la ansiedad con 4 técnicas psicológicas muy eficaces. Mientras tanto, ella disfruta de paseos en yate, cenas elegantes en medio del mar, restaurantes lujosos y hoteles de cinco estrellas pese a estar en paro y sin papeles. RELACION A DISTANCIAEsta colombiana de 29 años es profesora de arte y reside desde hace nueve meses de forma ilegal en nuestro país. Sin embargo, su ocupación como sugar baby a espaldas de su marido le permite mantener este elevado tren de vida mientras espera para regularizar su situación en España. Ella ofrece compañía, afecto y conversación a hombres maduros a cambio de "una colaboración". Se trata de un fenómeno procedente de Estados Unidos que ha llegado con fuerza a España. RELACION A DISTANCIAEllos proporcionan un ambiente de lujo y grandes cantidades de dinero. Mientras tanto, ellas ofrecen su compañíaque habitualmente, incluye relaciones sexuales. Una suerte de relación de noviazgo con fecha de caducidad y a cambio de dinero entre varones ricos y maduros con atractivas mujeres que tienen la edad de sus hijas. Una suerte de plataforma de citas con algunos elementos que recuerdan a webs de escorts de alto standing. En negocios, los socios firman acuerdos que marcan los objetivos y expectativas. Lina Alvarez es morena, tiene una sonrisa deslumbrante, ojos marrones y dos piercings uno en el labio y otro en la nariz adornan su rostro. Cuando todavía vivía en Colombia, estaba registrada en Seeking Arrangement, pero no le funcionaba tan bien como ahora. Ha estado con diez sugar daddies y de ellos habla con mucho cariño "son personas que quieren compañía, ir a cenar, dar paseos y les gusta mucho hablar. Son gente muy culta con mucha conversación, no voy a encontrar a personas así en otro sitio" citas en linea no se siente naturalmente, dice con su acento colombiano desde el otro lado del teléfono. Pero Lina busca a personas que quieran hablar, si solo buscan sexo no le interesan. Tiene facilidad para la conversación y hace bromas en los primeros encuentros para romper el hielo. Describe a sus sugar parejas como generosas, respetuosas y educadas. Recalca que todos le ofrecen viajar pero en su situación ella no puede salir del país. De esas diez parejas, con cinco ha mantenido relaciones sexuales y con dos de ellos tiene contacto frecuente, vienen a veces uno desde Londres y el otro desde Dinamarca a España a verla exclusivamente. La franja de edad de hombres con los que ha estado es de 39 a 55 años. Con algunos surge el sexo, mientras que con otros no. Las relaciones sexuales surgen de manera natural. Nuestro ecosistema se encuentra, en pleno siglo XXI, en una fase de no retorno: hemos Para restaurar este sentimiento de pertenencia al entorno natural, hemos Más que ser una cita célebre sobre la naturaleza, esta cita de Thoreau . Las hay de muchos tipos y se expresan de formas muy distintas, pero todas ellas y tenemos una necesidad natural que nos impulsa a dejar aflorar sentimientos y emociones. Hemos seleccionado 25 citas célebres que nos hablan sobre las emociones. Una frase sobre las emociones muy en la línea de la anterior. Le atraen por su personalidad y conversación, "si me acuesto con ellos es porque me gustan". En Titania Compañía Editorial, S. Agradecemos de antemano a todos nuestros lectores su esfuerzo y su aportación. Alma, Corazón, Vida Viajes. Barnés Contacta al autor. Tiempo de lectura 8 min. Respondiendo al comentario citas en linea no se siente naturalmente. Recuerda las normas de la comunidad. Por Fecha Mejor Valorados. No admitimos insultos, amenazas, menosprecios ni, en general, comportamientos que tiendan a menoscabar la dignidad de las personas, ya sean otros usuarios, periodistas de los distintos medios y canales de comunicación de la entidad editora o protagonistas de los contenidos. Tampoco permitimos publicaciones que puedan contravenir la ley o falten gravemente a la verdad probada o no judicialmente, como calumnias, o promuevan actitudes violentas, racistas o instiguen al odio contra alguna comunidad. No admitimos publicaciones reiteradas de enlaces a sitios concretos de forma interesada. Entendemos que es información que puede provocar problemas a quien la publica o a terceros no podemos saber a quién pertenecen esos datos. No admitimos que una misma persona tenga varias cuentas activas en esta comunidad. En caso de detectarlo, procederemos a deshabilitar todas. |